Laughlin anyon complexes with Bose properties

Abstract

Two-dimensional electron systems in a quantizing magnetic field are regarded as of exceptional interest, considering the possible role of anyons – quasiparticles with non-boson and non-fermion statistics – in applied physics. To this day, essentially none but the fractional states of the quantum Hall effect (FQHE) have been experimentally realized as a system with anyonic statistics. In determining the thermodynamic properties of anyon matter, it is crucial to gain insight into the physics of its neutral excitations. Such excitations can be either neutral complexes of several anyons, or “vortex-antivortex” pairs in anyon density, or compositions of an integer number of magnetic flux quanta and electron complexes having fermionic or bosonic statistics. The very abundance of the possible theoretical descriptions of neutral excitations in the anyon matter evidence that they have not been given much consideration in experimental physics so far. We form a macroscopic quasi-equilibrium ensemble of neutral excitations - spin one anyon complexes in the Laughlin state ν = 1/3, experimentally, where ν is the electron filling factor. The ensemble is found to have such a long lifetime that it can be considered the new state of anyon matter. The properties of this state are investigated by optical techniques to reveal its Bose properties.