Latitudinal Gradient of Biting Midges in the GenusCulicoides(Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Argentina and Bolivia

Abstract

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Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of the piedmont of the Yungas forests of Tucumán: ecology and distribution

“…However, Forcipomyia genus ( Lasiohelea subgenus), scarcely studied in the province, might be involved not only in the transmission of mansonelliasis but also in the transmission of other viruses and protozoa, which would represent a potential risk for the region, especially due to its high abundance found both in the present study as well as in other studies carried out in northwestern Argentina (Veggiani Aybar et al, 2010a; Veggiani Aybar et al, 2015). On the other hand, it is worth mentioning that in the last years, infection of Culicoides species with Leishmania infantum (LV) in the Old World was determined (Seblova et al, 2012; Slama et al, 2014), parasite that causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) worldwide (World Health Organization, 2010).…”

“…Austroconops Wirth & Lee (only one australian species), Culicoides Latreille, Leptoconops Skuse and Forcipomyia Meigen (subgenus Lasiohelea ) are implied in the transmission of arbovirus, parasites and protozoa that cause diseases both in humans and other animals (Mellor, Boorman & Baylis, 2000; Borkent & Spinelli, 2007; Veggiani Aybar et al, 2010b; Veggiani Aybar et al, 2015). Other genera proportion important services in ecological systems, such as Forcipomyia and Dasyhelea Kieffer, to a lesser extent Atrichopogon Kieffer, Culicoides and Stilobezzia Kieffer which are potential pollinators of different crops, such as cocoa ( Theobroma cacao Linnaeus), rubber ( Hevea brasiliensis Müller Argoviensis), and mango ( Mangifera indica Linnaeus) in tropical regions (Borkent & Spinelli, 2007; Bravo, Somarriba & Arteaga, 2011); while some species of Forcipomyia and Culicoides are ectoparasites of insects, sucking the lymph of lepidopterans, coleopterans, odonata, phasmids, neuropterans and hemipterans (Borkent, 2004).…”

“…In northwestern Argentina, studies focused mainly in Culicoides genus due to its epidemiologic relevance as a vector of filarial Mansonella ozzardi (Shelley & Coscarón, 2001; Veggiani Aybar et al, 2015; Veggiani Aybar, Dantur Juri & Zaidenberg, 2016). These studies determined the spatio-temporal abundance of Culicoides spp.…”

“…These studies determined the spatio-temporal abundance of Culicoides spp. and the influence of meteorological variables (temperature, accumulated rainfall, humidity, etc) in their abundance, behavior and distribution, and the interactions between pathogens and vectors (Veggiani Aybar et al, 2010b; Veggiani Aybar et al, 2011; Veggiani Aybar et al, 2012; Veggiani Aybar et al, 2015); however, such aspects have not been studied in other families of Ceratopogonidae of the area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the presence and abundance of the main genera of Ceratopogonidae in piedmont forests of Tucumán province, and to evaluate the effect of meteorological variables in their distribution.…”

Peer Review #2 of "Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) of the piedmont of the Yungas forests of Tucumán: ecology and distribution (v0.1)"

“…In northwestern Argentina, studies focused mainly in Culicoides genus due to its epidemiologic relevance as a vector of filarial Mansonella ozzardi (Shelley & Coscarón, 2001;Veggiani Aybar et al, 2015a. These studies determined the spatio-temporal abundance of Culicoides spp.…”