Latitudinal Geographical Variation of External and Cranial Measurements inApodemus peninsulae,A. draco, andA. latronum

Kaneko, Yukibumi

doi:10.3106/041.040.0303

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…This is further suggested by Mayr's () note that the application of Bergmann's rule depends on “other things being equal” according to Rensch (), even though this was a prime condition for the realization of the predicted size cline by Bergmann himself. Although Mayr's formulation is a great modification of Bergmann's original concept (James ) it has been referred to as Bergmann's rule in a number of studies (McNab , Ashton et al , Ochocińska and Taylor , Kaneko , Roseman and Auerbach ), along with numerous other definitions and reformulations (see Watt et al for a review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bergmann's rule: a biophysiological rule examined in birds

Salewski¹,

Watt

2016

Oikos

109

117

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The most studied ecogeographic rule is Bergmann's rule, but aspects of the original paper are often presented incorrectly even though Bergmann (1847) is explicitly cited. The goal of this paper is to 1) summarize the contents of Bergmann's paper, supported by direct translations, and 2) to discuss the main issues surrounding Bergmann's rule based on Bergmann's intentions and early definitions of the rule.Although Bergmann himself never formulated an explicit rule, based on Bergmann's (1847) intentions and early definitions of Bergmann's rule, Bergmann's rule is: "Within species and amongst closely related species of homeothermic animals a larger size is often achieved in colder climates than in warmer ones, which is linked to the temperature budget of these animals." Bergmann (1847) assumed that the surface area of an animal is a measure for heat dissipation and an animal's volume a measure of its heat production. As body size increases, an animal's surface area increases less than its volume; however, modifications in morphology and behaviour will also influence the temperature budget. Bergmann hypothesized that when everything but size is equal, the smaller animals should live in warmer areas. This was supported by empirical data on  300 bird species belonging to 86 genera.Recommendations for use of the term Bergmann's rule include 1) inclusion of a thermoregulatory mechanism, 2) application only to homoeothermic animals, 3) but to any taxonomic group, 4) tests of the rule should test the assumption that larger animals have to produce less heat to increase body temperatures, and 5) future authors should either go back to the original publication (Bergmann 1847) when referring to it or simply not cite it at all.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bergmann's rule: a biophysiological rule examined in birds

Salewski¹,

Watt

2016

Oikos

109

117

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“…In addition, extensive geographical divergences within the species have been reported for morphological and genetic traits in East Asian Apodemus species: e.g., A. chevrieri ( Yue et al, 2012 ), A. agrarius ( Sakka et al, 2010 ), A. draco ( Fan et al, 2012 ; Kaneko, 2010 , 2012 , 2015 ; Sakka et al, 2010 ), A. ilex ( Kaneko, 2010 , 2012 , 2015 ; Liu et al, 2012 ), A. latronum ( Kaneko, 2010 , 2012 , 2015 ; Li & Liu, 2014 ; Sakka et al, 2010 ), A. semotus ( Hsu et al, 2001 ), A. peninsulae ( Kaneko, 2010 , 2012 , 2015 ; Sakka et al, 2010 ; Serizawa et al, 2002 ), A. speciosus ( Kageyama et al, 2009 ; Shintaku et al, 2012 ; Shintaku & Motokawa, 2016 ; Suzuki et al, 2004 ; Tomozawa et al, 2014 ; Tomozawa & Suzuki, 2008 ), and A. argenteus ( Suzuki et al, 2004 ). These complex patterns are thought to have formed through geographic isolation and genetic exchange (e.g., A. speciosus between Robertsonian chromosome races; Shintaku & Motokawa, 2016 ; Suzuki et al, 2004 ; Tomozawa & Suzuki, 2008 ) after the formation of each species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

中国姬鼠属的核型研究

Motokawa

Harada

et al. 2018

Zool. Res.

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Karyotypes of four Chinese species of field mice of the genus Apodemus were examined, including Apodemus chevrieri (diploid chromosome number, 2n=48, fundamental number of autosomal arms, FNa=56), A. draco (2n=48, FNa=48), A. ilex (2n=48, FNa=48), and A. latronum (2n=48, FNa=48). Karyotypes of A. chevrieri, A. draco, and A. ilex are reported here for the first time, providing useful information for their species taxonomy. Determining the karyotypes of all species of Apodemus in Asia, both in this and previous studies, provides a solid overview of the chromosome evolution and species differentiation of the genus in East Asia. In addition to allopatric speciation, chromosome rearrangements likely played an important role in the formation of the four Apodemus species groups as well as speciation within each group in East Asia. For example, increased centromeric heterochromatin in A. latronum may have contributed to the post-mating reproductive isolation from the A. draco-A. ilex-A. semotus clade.

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Geographical clines in the size of the herb field mouse (Apodemus uralensis)

Balčiauskas

Amshokova

Balčiauskienė

et al. 2020

Integrative Zoology

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Patterns of body size variation along geographical gradients have long been searched for and generalized into eco‐geographical rules. However, no rodent species has yet been analyzed in relation to the 3 dimensions of latitude, longitude and altitude. We analyzed geographical clines and dimorphism of body and skull size in the herb field mouse (Apodemus uralensis) across the species range, based on field data and on data from the literature. Sexual dimorphism in adult A. uralensis was not expressed at a large scale, while local patterns were inconsistent. Age‐dependent size changes were most expressed in adult individuals: most characters of adults exceeded in size those of subadults, while subadult–juvenile size differences were only significant in body weight and length, zygomatic skull width, length of cranial diastema and breadth of braincase. Despite central morphological niches along the clines being separated, A. uralensis populations showed a high degree of size overlap in morphological space. We found the species to be characterized by high size variability, with the largest individuals inhabiting the eastern and southern edges of the distribution range. Tail, hind foot and ear lengths were largest in the southern part of the range, in agreement with Allen's rule. The main measurements that we analyzed, namely body mass, zygomatic skull width and condylobasal skull length, show the presence of 3 clines in the size of adult A. uralensis: (i) a decreasing south–north cline, opposing Bergmann's rule; (ii) an increasing west–east cline, in accordance with Murphy's rule; and (iii) an increasing altitudinal cline.

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Latitudinal Geographical Variation of External and Cranial Measurements inApodemus peninsulae,A. draco, andA. latronum

Cited by 4 publications

References 79 publications

Bergmann's rule: a biophysiological rule examined in birds

Bergmann's rule: a biophysiological rule examined in birds

中国姬鼠属的核型研究

Geographical clines in the size of the herb field mouse (Apodemus uralensis)

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