Latitudinal clines: an evolutionary view on biological rhythms<sup>,</sup>

Hut, Roelof A.; Paolucci, Stefania; Dor, Roi; Kyriacou, Charalambos P.; Daan, Serge

doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0433

Cited by 221 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…For instance, cycles of hibernation and migration are considered to be adaptations for coping with harsh environmental conditions such as low temperatures and low food abundance. However, both processes are commonly based on internal rhythms and can be solely triggered by seasonal change in day length [6,7]. This is illustrated in figure 1 for migration of songbirds.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Annual Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perhaps we have retained a circannual timer that can be synchronized by photoperiod or metabolic status [15,111,112]. Alternatively, as our ancestors moved from Africa to the higher latitudes and encountered progressively greater variation in food availability and temperature, they could have evolved a strong photoperiodic response [7,24].…”

Section: (B) Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological time-keeping meets environmental change

et al. 2013

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Seasonal recurrence of biological processes (phenology) and its relationship to environmental change is recognized as being of key scientific and public concern, but its current study largely overlooks the extent to which phenology is based on biological time-keeping mechanisms. We highlight the relevance of physiological and neurobiological regulation for organisms' responsiveness to environmental conditions. Focusing on avian and mammalian examples, we describe circannual rhythmicity of reproduction, migration and hibernation, and address responses of animals to photic and thermal conditions. Climate change and urbanization are used as urgent examples of anthropogenic influences that put biological timing systems under pressure. We furthermore propose that consideration of Homo sapiens as principally a 'seasonal animal' can inspire new perspectives for understanding medical and psychological problems.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Annual Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: (B) Urbanizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological time-keeping meets environmental change

et al. 2013

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“…This biogeographycal trend shown by D þ could not be recognized from the species richness data alone, and it is in complete accordance with increment in irradiance toward the tropics (Hut et al 2013) and with the preference for a larger quantity of light typically observed for Chlorophyta (Richardson et al 1983, Necchi Jr. 2004. Furthermore, pigment contents of the green algae exhibit more efficient physiological activity under high irradiance (DeNicola & Hoagland 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…The taxonomic survey of this study showed the presence of 259 species of macroalgae, grouped into four divisions (Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Rhodophyta and Ochrophyta) and according to their occurrence in each biome. The list of species recorded by Sheath & Cole (1992) Sheath (2003). For the green algae (Chlorophyta), the taxonomic level family was taken away from analysis, since, according to Wehr & Sheath (2003), this taxonomic level is not clearly defined.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity Assessment of Lotic Macroalgal Flora by the Application of Taxonomic Distinctness Index

2016

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Abstract:The main aim of this study was to assess the diversity of four stream algal divisions (Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta) by comparing results obtained with taxonomic distinctness index and diversity patterns of previous studies. The data were obtained from a study made in 1000 stream segments in North American biomes. The taxonomic arrangement of the taxa was created from species to division level in order to obtain the taxonomic tree, which is used in taxonomic distinctness index. The results of taxonomic distinctness index showed that stream macroalgal diversity was different from that commonly found. Herein, Ochrophyta was the division with the highest diversity, whereas in previous studies Chlorophyta has been in the first position. Cyanobacteria also presented different results, showing the lowest diversity with taxonomic distinctness index, but it is often one of the most diverse divisions in previous studies. The application of statistical methods should match the research aims and be appropriate to the data set collected. However, different methods can complement ecological analyzes, taking into account what aspect of the community the statistical measure better explains. Keywords: Biodiversity, taxonomic distinctness, macroalgae. Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade de quatro divisõ es de algas de riachos (Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta e Rhodophyta), comparando os resultados obtidos com o índice de distintividade taxonô mica com os padrõ es de diversidade encontrados em trabalhos anteriores. Os dados foram coletados a partir de um estudo feito em 1000 segmentos de riachos em biomas da América do Norte. O arranjo taxonô mico dos tá xons foi criado a partir do nível de espécies até o nível de divisã o, a fim de se obter a á rvore taxonô mica, que é utilizada no índice de distintividade taxonô mica. Os resultados do índice de distintividade taxonô mica mostraram que a diversidade de macroalgas de riachos foi diferente do que é comumente encontrado. Aqui, Ochrophyta foi a divisã o com a maior diversidade, enquanto que no estudo original foi a divisã o Chlorophyta. Cianobactérias também revelaram resultados diferentes, mostrando a menor diversidade com o índice de distintividade taxonô mica, enquanto é frequentemente uma das mais diversas em trabalhos anteriores. A aplicac¸ão de métodos estatísticos deve coincidir com os objetivos da pesquisa e ser apropriada para o conjunto de dados coletados. No entanto, diferentes métodos podem complementar aná lises ecoló gicas, levando em considerac¸ã o o aspecto da comunidade que a medida estatística melhor explica. Palavras-chave: Biodiversidade, distintividade taxonômica, macroalgas.

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“…We hypothesized that boreal mid-summer white nights severely limit the time available for L. terrestris soil-surface activity, with temperature and humidity also playing an important, but secondary role. At the same time, we considered that populations residing in widely different environments could diverge in their behaviour (Foster and Endler, 1999;Hut et al, 2013). We predicted that a population from a northern area exposed to high illumination levels in midsummer, would show a higher level of activity under these conditions compared with more southerly populations with no previous exposure to white nights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dew-worms in white nights: High-latitude light constrains earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) behaviour at the soil surface

Nuutinen

Butt

Jauhiainen

et al. 2014

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Soil is an effective barrier to light penetration that limits the direct influence of light on belowground organisms. Variation in aboveground light conditions, however, is important to soil-dwelling animals that are periodically active on the soil surface. A prime example is the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. (the dew-worm), an ecosystem engineer that emerges nocturnally on the soil surface. In the summer, the northernmost populations of L. terrestris are exposed to a time interval with no daily dark period. During a two-week period preceding the summer solstice, we studied the constraints that boreal night illumination imposes on L. terrestris surface activity by comparing their behaviour under ambient light with artificiallyinduced darkness. Looking for evidence of geographical divergence in light response, we compared the behaviour of native L. terrestris (Jokioinen, S-W Finland; 60º48'N) with two markedly more southern populations, from Preston (Lancashire, UK; 53º47'N) and Coshocton (Ohio, USA; 40º22'N) where the nights have a period of darkness throughout the year (total latitudinal range ca. 2 300 km). Under ambient light conditions, L. terrestris emergence on the soil surface was diminished by half compared with the darkened treatment and it peaked at the darkest period of the night. Also mating rate decreased considerably under ambient light. The native dew-worms were generally the most active under ambient light. They emerged earlier in the evening and ceased their activity later in the morning than dew-worms from the two more southerly populations. The differences in behaviour were, however, significant mainly between native and UK dew-worms. In the darkened treatment, the behaviour of the 2 three earthworm origins did not differ. Under the experimental conditions light condition was the dominant environmental factor controlling surface activity, but elevated night-time air temperature and humidity also encouraged dew-worm emergence without discernible differences among geographical origins. Our results show, that in boreal summer, the high level of night illumination strongly limits soil-surface activity of dew-worms. Considering the important regulatory role of L. terrestris in many ecosystem processes, this can have significant corollaries in dew-worm impacts on the environment. Although evidence for geographical differentiation in behaviour was obtained, the results point to phenotypic flexibility in L. terrestris light response.

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Latitudinal clines: an evolutionary view on biological rhythms^,

Cited by 221 publications

References 99 publications

Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological time-keeping meets environmental change

Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological time-keeping meets environmental change

Diversity Assessment of Lotic Macroalgal Flora by the Application of Taxonomic Distinctness Index

Dew-worms in white nights: High-latitude light constrains earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) behaviour at the soil surface

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Latitudinal clines: an evolutionary view on biological rhythms,

Cited by 221 publications

References 99 publications

Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological time-keeping meets environmental change

Annual rhythms that underlie phenology: biological time-keeping meets environmental change

Diversity Assessment of Lotic Macroalgal Flora by the Application of Taxonomic Distinctness Index

Dew-worms in white nights: High-latitude light constrains earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) behaviour at the soil surface

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Latitudinal clines: an evolutionary view on biological rhythms^,