Latina Transgender Women's Interactions with Law Enforcement in Los Angeles County

Woods, Jordan Blair; Galván, Frank H.; Bazargan, Mohsen; Joseph, Herman; Chen, Ying-Tung

doi:10.1093/police/pat025

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Within this cluster of research, push factors included psychosocial issues (Bauermeister et al, 2016; Bith‐Melander et al, 2010), navigating public institutions (Benson, 2019; Graham, 2014; Nicolazzo, 2016; Woods et al, 2013) objectification, violence, and harassment (Bazargan & Galvan, 2012; Bukowski et al, 2019; Cerezo et al, 2014; Hipp et al, 2019; Sevelius, 2012), traumatic life events (e.g., hate crimes, intimate partner violence, child sexual abuse) (Singh & McKleroy, 2011), as well as perceived stress, recent anxiety, depression, and suicide ideation (Crosby et al, 2016). Studies of psychosocial factors identified risk factors such as socioeconomic vulnerability (e.g., transactional sex) and gender‐related discrimination (including in medical and mental health settings) (Bauermeister et al, 2016; Bith‐Melander et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The health and wellbeing of transgender and gender non‐conforming people of colour in the United States: A systematic literature search and review

Farvid

Vance

Klein

et al. 2021

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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Transgender and gender non‐conforming people (TGNC), individuals whose gender identity differs from the sex they were assigned at birth, experience unique stressors, discrimination, and barriers to health and wellbeing. TGNC People of Colour (POC) navigate the nexus of racism, cisgenderism (and often homophobia) in their daily lives, resulting in uniquely intersecting forms of discrimination, and pronounced disparities in their health and well‐being. In order to examine the current state of knowledge about the health and wellbeing of TGNC POC, we conducted a systematic search and review of peer‐reviewed journal articles published between 1 January 2010 and 1 May 2020 that focused on this population. A systematic search identified (3,575) papers, with 76 of those meeting full inclusion criteria. In our review, we were able to identify physical health and psychological wellbeing (which included resilience), as core clusters of research focused on TGNC POC. We identified specific factors that hindered physical and psychological health (what we call “push” factors) as well as those that promoted it (what we call “pull” factors). Leveraging these findings, we offer ways forward for best practice in clinical work and carrying out research with this population. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The health and wellbeing of transgender and gender non‐conforming people of colour in the United States: A systematic literature search and review

Farvid

Vance

Klein

et al. 2021

Community & Applied Soc Psy

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show abstract

“…This paradox or gap can also be related to regulating LGBTQ youth's identities and upholding heteronormativity and the gender binary. As research has shown, police mishandle and often ignore crimes committed against transgender people, furthering negative interactions between transgender people and police (huey 2012; Woods et al 2013). Warrant checking also is a reason people experiencing homelessness and other marginalized groups do not report crimes to police (huey 2012).…”

Section: Policing and Regulating Identitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The negative stereotypes of sex workers reflect how police view and regulate the sexuality of transgender and gender-expansive Black and Brown youth. Likewise, as a study in Los Angeles County documented, police often verbally harass and physically and sexually assault transgender Latinas (Woods et al 2013). Zoe said she resisted when police tried to sexually assault her.…”

Section: Policing and Regulating Sexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lavender Scare in Homonormative Times: Policing, Hyper-incarceration, and LGBTQ Youth Homelessness

Robinson

2020

Gender & Society

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Scholars have identified policing and hyper-incarceration as key mechanisms to reproduce racial inequality and poverty. Existing research, however, often overlooks how policing practices impact gender and sexuality, especially expansive expressions of gender and non-heterosexuality. This lack of attention is critical because lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) people disproportionately experience incarceration, including LGBTQ youth who are disproportionately incarcerated in juvenile detention. In this article, I draw on 18 months of ethnographic fieldwork and 40 in-depth interviews with LGBTQ youth experiencing homelessness to address this gap in the literature by documenting how police and other agents of the state use their discretion to regulate youth’s gender expressions, identities, and sex lives. I posit that current policing patterns of discrimination operate primarily not through de jure discrimination against LGBTQ people but as de facto discrimination based on discretionary hyper-incarceration practices that police gender, sexuality, and LGBTQ people. I contend that policing is not only about maintaining racial inequality and governing poverty but also about controlling and regulating gender and sexuality, especially the gender and sexuality of poor LGBTQ people of color.

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“…The lack of information within the introduction of the document is problematic because previous research indicates that transgender communities are prone to violence and harassment from members of the broader community, and the lack of information reflects the level of commitment the police organization has toward this community, which may not inspire police interaction or inspire reassurance that the needs of the community are being properly addressed (see Alliance for a Safe & Diverse DC, 2008;Berman & Robinson, 2010;Edelman, 2014;J. M. Grant et al, 2011;Heidenreich, 2011;Miles-Johnson, 2013a, 2013bRedfern, 2014;Wolff & Cokely, 2007, Woods et al, 2013.…”

Section: Police Policy In An Australian State: a Content Synopsismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social discrimination occurs frequently in the lives of transgender individuals around the world (see Alliance for a Safe & Diverse DC, 2008;Berman & Robinson, 2010;Edelman, 2014;J. M. Grant et al, 2011;Heidenreich, 2011;Miles-Johnson, 2013a, 2013bRedfern, 2014;Wolff & Cokely, 2007;Woods, Galvan, Bazargan, Herman, & Chen, 2013). The stigma of being recognized as a transgender individual (as a person who is perceived to be different to the social, cultural, and legal expectations of his or her birth sex) can have negative consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policing Transgender People

Miles-Johnson

2015

Sage Open

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Police policy documents often articulate strategies and approaches that police organizations want to implement in their efforts to break down barriers with minority groups. However, most police policy documents are written for police audiences and not for members of the public. Police policy documents serve as a reflection of the aspirations of the agency and not necessarily the practice of the officers. Differential policing has been a salient experience for members of transgender communities because, as individuals who express gender in ways that deviate from the norm, they have experienced numerous documented cases of police mismanaged practice. In Australia, achieving police reform in the area of policing of diverse community groups has been difficult as new initiatives implemented to educate police officers about diverse groups such as transgender communities are scarce. My study sought to analyze a police policy document to assess how one police agency's policy aspires to shape police contact/experiences with transgender people and how this document might shape intergroup identity differences between transgender people and the police. It is argued that the policy document will negatively affect police perceptions of transgender people and may enhance adverse perceptions of intergroup difference between police and transgender people. I also argue that using this document to achieve police reform in the area of policing of transgender people will be problematic as the policy document lacks substantial procedural guidelines regarding interaction with transgender people and may not favorably constrain discretionary police power.

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Latina Transgender Women's Interactions with Law Enforcement in Los Angeles County

Cited by 25 publications

References 36 publications

The health and wellbeing of transgender and gender non‐conforming people of colour in the United States: A systematic literature search and review

The health and wellbeing of transgender and gender non‐conforming people of colour in the United States: A systematic literature search and review

The Lavender Scare in Homonormative Times: Policing, Hyper-incarceration, and LGBTQ Youth Homelessness

Policing Transgender People

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