Latin American inclusive and European exclusionary populism: colonialism as an explanation

Filc, Dani

doi:10.1080/13569317.2015.1075264

Cited by 93 publications

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“…This question of the inclusion of subordinate groups lies at the core of important dichotomies in the scholarship on both populism and nationalism. In the former, it is critical to the distinction between inclusionary and exclusionary populisms (Mudde and Kaltwasser 2013 ; Filc 2015 ; Font et al 2021 ). For nationalism, it is implicit in the separation into voluntary, liberal civic nationalism that emphasizes freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual and minority rights, as distinct from atavistic, illiberal ethnic nationalism that is seen as hostile to minorities.…”

Section: Part 1: What Are Populism and Nationalism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As further evidence of the “treason” of these domestic elites, they are linked to foreign interests. For Perón, local oligarchs were “partners of colonialism” who revered “a [European] ‘civilization’ embodied in alien cultural patterns” (Filc 2015 : 273). Chávez ridiculed opponents as “little Yankees” and “lackeys of imperialism” (de la Torre 2017 : 7; Hawkins 2009 : 1044).…”

Section: Part 2: When Populism Meets Nationalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 16 This rationale has informed proposals for tiered, “apartheid” welfare systems across France, Belgium, and Austria that restrict and, at an extreme, abolish welfare benefits for immigrants and “non-European aliens” (Mudde and Rovira Kaltwasser 2013 : 160, Filc 2015 : 267). …”

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Populism, Nationalism, and Nationalist Populism

Singh

2021

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This article builds an original, analytical framework to understand one of the most important developments of our times — the global ascendance of leaders who fuse populist anti-elite rhetoric with nationalist appeals. In contrast to arguments that treat populism and nationalism as either completely separate or essentially equivalent phenomena, I begin from an understanding of the two as distinct ideologies that grow from a shared foundational claim to represent an “us” versus a “them.” In part 1, I first juxtapose populism and nationalism around this common, undergirding us-them boundary to bring out their core features. I then analyze how populism and nationalism vary across the twin axes of intensity and inclusiveness to bring out their distinct sub-types. In part 2, I use this theoretical map of populism and nationalism to navigate the conceptual terrain of their intersection. I focus, in particular, on the implications of nationalist populism for those seen as “us” versus those viewed as “them,” where the “us” and “them” are determined by the dimensions of intensity and inclusiveness. In contrast to characterizations of nationalist populism in directional terms as negative, I suggest that it is instead better understood as an amplifying force that exacerbates both the positive and negative consequences of populism. All else equal, relative to populism, those beyond nationalist populist boundaries are subject to heightened hostility and discrimination, while those within benefit from enhanced life opportunities.

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Section: Part 1: What Are Populism and Nationalism?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Part 2: When Populism Meets Nationalismmentioning

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Populism, Nationalism, and Nationalist Populism

Singh

2021

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“…If the experience of colonialism is what leads to different versions of populism in Europe and Latin America, Turkey is, indeed, perpetually stuck in between (Filc 2015). It is a country that is heir to an empire that ruled vast territories for centuries, but that was substantially weakened after the eighteenth century and nearly colonised by the European powers after World War I.…”

Section: The Ideological Approach and The Akp: Exclusionary Versus Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moving Beyond European and Latin American Typologies: The Peculiarities of AKP’s Populism in Turkey

Gürsoy

2019

Journal of Contemporary Asia

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Despite the growing literature on Turkish populism, there is yet no consensus on how best to categorise the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi or AKP). This article argues that this lack of consensus is due to a selective focus on the attributes of AKP's populism. Indeed, when the party's features are examined holistically, it does not neatly conform to the dominant typologies of populism, which were conceived mostly for European and Latin American examples. For historical reasons, AKP's populist discourse defines "the people" versus "the elite" in civilisational terms and combines this with strategies of neo-liberalism, strong party organisation and grassroots mobilisation. This blend of populism distinguishes the AKP case from the exclusionary/inclusionary and classical/neo-liberal/radical typologies previously identified by the literature. However, the Bharatiya Janata Party in India and the Thai Rak Thai Party in Thailand have similar attributes to the AKP, drawing attention to the need to move beyond the existing ideological and strategic approaches to populism and towards a more comprehensive socio-cultural approach. The article contributes to the literature on populism by highlighting possible avenues for further research based on such a comprehensive understanding of populism based also on cases from Asia.

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“…Furthermore, from a comparative perspective, nativism is at the core of what arguably distinguishes populism in Europe and Latin America. Whereas populist movements in Latin American are “inclusive,” populist movements in Europe are to a large extent (save rare instances of left‐wing populism, such as Podemos and Syriza) exclusionary (Filc ; Mudde and Rovira Kaltwasser ). As a result, given the intensive attention populism has received in recent years, it is hardly surprising that in advanced liberal democracies, populism is increasingly seen through the lenses of nativism and, in the process, dismissed as a dangerous pathology threatening to undermine liberal democracy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nativism Across Time and Space

Betz

2017

Swiss Political Sci Review

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Contemporary radical right-wing populism is generally associated with nativism, usually defined as an intense hostility to anything deemed alien and threatening to national cohesion. This article explores the origins and evolution of nativism in three major nineteenth-century populist movementsantebellum Know Nothingism and post-civil-war agrarian populism in the United States and late nineteenth-century Boulangism in France. All of them advanced nativist propositions to bolster their populist agenda, yet not of the same nature and to the same extent. These differences can largely be explained by the targets of populist mobilization and the constituency at which it was aimed. The cases suggest that nativism plays an important role in populist mobilization, not least because it allows populist movements to transcend differences between social groups and gives them an opportunity to promote themselves as the champions of collective identitya concern central to the contemporary radical populist right.

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Latin American inclusive and European exclusionary populism: colonialism as an explanation

Cited by 93 publications

References 0 publications

Populism, Nationalism, and Nationalist Populism

Populism, Nationalism, and Nationalist Populism

Moving Beyond European and Latin American Typologies: The Peculiarities of AKP’s Populism in Turkey

Nativism Across Time and Space

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