Latest Results with New Halogen‐free Flame‐retardant Base Materials

Gentzkow, Wolfgang von; Rogler, W.

doi:10.1108/eb046287

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…3(a,b). The formation mechanism of polybromodibenzodioxin (PBDD) and polybromodibenzofuran (PBDF) through TBBA may be as follows ( Von Gentzkow & Rogler 1994):…”

Section: New Developments Of Eol Eee Processing and Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-of-life electric and electronic equipment management towards the 21st century

et al. 2000

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With the rapid growth of the electronics industry and an ever‐growing environmental awareness world‐wide, an environmentally sound and economically viable management system for end‐of‐life (EOL) electric and electronic equipment (EEE) is of great importance for sustainable development. Traditional recycling and processing of EOL electronics directed towards the recovery of copper and precious metals, will be faced with many challenges in the future. It has been recognized by the EOL EEE recycling industry that a new strategy for EOL EEE must be developed. In this paper, current status and future trends in EOL EEE management are presented. Selective dismantling of valuable and hazardous components is evaluated in terms of a grade‐recovery (GR) concept. It is concluded that selective dismantling and mechanical processing must be coordinated in such a way as to produce suitable materials for subsequent handling at the lowest cost. Furthermore, new developments in mechanical and thermal processing of EOL EEE are also discussed, which involve water table and eddy current separation techniques and reduction of dioxins and furans during combustion of the plastics containing halogenated flame retardants. In addition, the challenges and perspectives associated with EOL management of plastics and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) encountered in EOL EEE are highlighted in this paper. It is predicted that EEE, being designed for recycling in the 21st century, will be processed and recycled economically and ecologically on becoming obsolete.

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“…3(a,b). The formation mechanism of polybromodibenzodioxin (PBDD) and polybromodibenzofuran (PBDF) through TBBA may be as follows ( Von Gentzkow & Rogler 1994):…”

Section: New Developments Of Eol Eee Processing and Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

End-of-life electric and electronic equipment management towards the 21st century

et al. 2000

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“…This chain extension reaction consists of the catalyzed addition of the bisphenol to the epoxy resin, at a ratio of bisphenol to epoxy such that the extended resin still has terminal epoxy groups. However, in the case of fire or smoldering, these materials evolve highly corrosive hydrogen bromide, and under some conditions, traces of toxic decomposition products, for instance, brominated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans [7]. There has been much interest in trying to replace the brominated component of epoxy resins by some other type of flame retardant, perhaps phosphorus-based; however, the stringent thermomechanical and electrical requirements for circuit boards have made this replacement quite challenging.…”

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confidence: 99%

Flame Retardancy of Dicyandiamide-Crosslinked Epoxy Resins Containing Phenolphthalein Structures and/or a Phosphorus- Containing Additive

Liu¹,

Pearce²,

Weil³

1999

Journal of Fire Sciences

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The feasibility of producing halogen-free epoxy moldings having a UL-94 V-0 flammability rating has been further supported. We have shown that the fire retarding properties (OI and UL-94) of the cured epoxy were strongly im proved by using the commercial additive resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (FYROLFLEX RDP) but not improved merely by reacting phenolphthalein into the resin as a chain extender. However, a combination of the phosphate with the phenolphthalein as a chain extender gave substantially enhanced flame retar dant results. A related system where the phenolphthalein structure was built into the phosphate additive rather than into the polymer backbone gave inferior re sults. Thermogravimetric analysis in N2 showed that the system of the phosphate ad ditive in the phenolphthalein-extended resin gave an increased char yield. Infrared studies on the system at different pyrolysis temperatures showed that the lactone carbonyl of the phenolphthalein structure underwent reaction during decomposition of the cured resin in the presence of the phosphate. Infrared evi dence suggested that this lactone group may be involved in a crosslinking reac tion forming amide links, which may lead to char enhancement. The phosphate depressed somewhat both the Tg and thermal stability but the presence of the phenolphthalein structure partially overcame the Tg depression.

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End-of-life electric and electronic equipment management towards the 21 st century

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the rapid growth of the electronics industry and an ever-growing environmental awareness world-wide, an environmentally sound and economically viable management system for end-of-life (EOL) electric and electronic equipment (EEE) is of great importance for sustainable development. Traditional recycling and processing of EOL electronics directed towards the recovery of copper and precious metals, will be faced with many challenges in the future. It has been recognized by the EOL EEE recycling industry that a new strategy for EOL EEE must be developed. In this paper, current status and future trends in EOL EEE management are presented. Selective dismantling of valuable and hazardous components is evaluated in terms of a grade-recovery (GR) concept. It is concluded that selective dismantling and mechanical processing must be coordinated in such a way as to produce suitable materials for subsequent handling at the lowest cost. Furthermore, new developments in mechanical and thermal processing of EOL EEE are also discussed, which involve water table and eddy current separation techniques and reduction of dioxins and furans during combustion of the plastics containing halogenated flame retardants. In addition, the challenges and perspectives associated with EOL management of plastics and cathode ray tubes (CRTs) encountered in EOL EEE are highlighted in this paper. It is predicted that EEE, being designed for recycling in the 21st century, will be processed and recycled economically and ecologically on becoming obsolete.

show abstract

Latest Results with New Halogen‐free Flame‐retardant Base Materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

End-of-life electric and electronic equipment management towards the 21st century

End-of-life electric and electronic equipment management towards the 21st century

Flame Retardancy of Dicyandiamide-Crosslinked Epoxy Resins Containing Phenolphthalein Structures and/or a Phosphorus- Containing Additive

End-of-life electric and electronic equipment management towards the 21 st century

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