Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier fluctuations in western Canada

Menounos, Brian; Osborn, Gerald; Clague, John J.; Luckman, Brian H.

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.10.018

Cited by 163 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Tree-ring and lichenometric data from marine glaciers in the Canadian Rockies [13,14,48] show glacier activity of 1767-1784, 1821-1837, 1871-1900, 1915-1928 and 1942-1946. The fluctuations of 1777, 1807-1818, 1874-1894 and 1912-1918 were also evidenced by tree rings in glaciers of Alaska.…”

Section: Comparison With Glacier Fluctuations Of Other Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree ring-dated fluctuation history of Midui glacier since the little ice age in the southeastern Tibetan plateau

Zhu

Shao

et al. 2012

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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Section: Comparison With Glacier Fluctuations Of Other Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree ring-dated fluctuation history of Midui glacier since the little ice age in the southeastern Tibetan plateau

Zhu

Shao

et al. 2012

Sci. China Earth Sci.

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“…Late Pleistocene glaciers reached their maximum extent in the Canadian Rockies around 16,500 years BP after which significant climatic warming led to the decay of the extensive mountain ice sheets (Menounos et al [22]). Several studies have been conducted on the Pleistocene and Holocene glaciation of the Canadian Rockies.…”

Section: Quaternary Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Faceted Debris-Flood Hazard Assessment for Cougar Creek, Alberta, Canada

et al. 2017

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Abstract:A destructive debris flood occurred between 19 and 21 June 2013 on Cougar Creek, located in Canmore, Alberta. Cougar Creek fan is likely the most densely developed alluvial fan in Canada. While no lives were lost, the event resulted in approximately $40 M of damage and closed both the Trans-Canada Highway (Highway 1) and the Canadian Pacific Railway line for a period of several days. The debris flood triggered a comprehensive hazard assessment which is the focus of this paper. Debris-flood frequencies and magnitudes are determined by combining several quantitative methods including photogrammetry, dendrochronology, radiometric dating, test pit logging, empirical relationships between rainfall volumes and sediment volumes, and landslide dam outburst flood modeling. The data analysis suggests that three distinct process types act in the watershed. The most frequent process is normal or "clearwater" floods. Less frequent but more damaging are debris floods during which excessive amounts of bedload are transported on the fan, typically associated with rapid and extensive bank erosion and channel infilling and widening. The third and most destructive process is interpreted to be landslide dam outbreak floods. This event type is estimated to occur at return periods exceeding 300 years. Using a cumulative magnitude frequency technique, the data for conventional debris floods were plotted up to the 100-300 years return period. A peak-over-threshold approach was used for landslide dam outbreak floods occurring at return periods exceeding 300 years, as not all such events were identified during test trenching. Hydrographs for 6 return period classes were approximated by using the estimated peak discharges and fitting the hydrograph shape to integrate to the debris flood volumes as determined from the frequency-magnitude relationship. The fan volume was calculated and compared with the integrated frequency-magnitude curve to check of the validity of the latter. A reasonable match was accomplished, verifying the overall relationship. The findings from this work were later used as input to a risk assessment seeking to quantify risk to loss of life and economic losses. The risk assessment then formed the basis for design of debris-flood mitigation structures.

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“…The Canadian Rockies have undergone several episodes of glacial advance. During the Late Wisconsinan, both Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets were extensive, and their margins overlapped along the Rocky Mountain Foothills in north central British Columbia (Bednarski & Smith, 2007;Menounos et al, 2009). Multiple advancements of local valley and cirque glaciers occurred between 15 and 11 ka (Liverman et al, 1989;Menounos et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the Late Wisconsinan, both Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets were extensive, and their margins overlapped along the Rocky Mountain Foothills in north central British Columbia (Bednarski & Smith, 2007;Menounos et al, 2009). Multiple advancements of local valley and cirque glaciers occurred between 15 and 11 ka (Liverman et al, 1989;Menounos et al, 2009). Similarly, glacier expansion during the Holocene (beginning after ~ 11 ka) was punctuated by several advances and retreats (Menounos et al, 2009 Luckman, 1981;Gardner et al, 1983;Hoffmann et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple advancements of local valley and cirque glaciers occurred between 15 and 11 ka (Liverman et al, 1989;Menounos et al, 2009). Similarly, glacier expansion during the Holocene (beginning after ~ 11 ka) was punctuated by several advances and retreats (Menounos et al, 2009 Luckman, 1981;Gardner et al, 1983;Hoffmann et al, 2013). These rock slides and rockfall events are expected to have continued to operate throughout the Holocene, although it is generally thought that these processes would be most active directly after glaciation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controls on Rockfall-Talus Process-Response Systems, Kananaskis, Canadian Rockies

Thapa¹

2017

Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs

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Rockfall processes are important contributors to hillslope erosion in mountainous regions.Assessment of rockfall activity processes over regional scales has not been widely undertaken, and further assessment about controls of rockfall-talus processes is required.The present study investigates rockfall-talus processes over extended spatiotemporal scales in Kananaskis, Canadian Rockies utilizing aerial photographs, digital elevation models, geologic and paleoclimatic data. An inventory of talus deposits in fifth-order drainage basins was collected for Kananaskis, with rockfall erosion rates of 2.9 mm yr -1 . Resultsshow a strong association of talus with faults and cirques. Although frost cracking is likely an important process leading to rockfall erosion, reconstructed temperature data suggests frost cracking alone is not the major determinant of locations of rockfall activity and talus deposition. Findings of this study provide important information on the contribution and controls of rockfall activity that can be utilized to better understand landscape evolution in mountainous regions.iii

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Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacier fluctuations in western Canada

Cited by 163 publications

References 128 publications

Tree ring-dated fluctuation history of Midui glacier since the little ice age in the southeastern Tibetan plateau

Tree ring-dated fluctuation history of Midui glacier since the little ice age in the southeastern Tibetan plateau

A Multi-Faceted Debris-Flood Hazard Assessment for Cougar Creek, Alberta, Canada

Controls on Rockfall-Talus Process-Response Systems, Kananaskis, Canadian Rockies

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