Latest Overview of Proteases: A Review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrate into different molecules known as product. The first enzyme to be discovered was amylase 1 in which was originally isolated from barley and catalysis the conversion of starch into sugars. Enzymes have been utilized for thousands of year in microbial processes. Microbes & their enzymes have been applied for preparations of wines, beer, cheese and other milk products. The role of enzyme in fermentation process has been known for less than two hundred years. Versatility of protein molecules present in their diverse functioning including catalytic capabilities and structural organization. Enzymes are considered biocatalyst as they are involved in producing these molecules. Both fungal and bacterial species produce these molecules. 2 Protease also known as proteinase or peptidase is an enzyme group which is involved in proteolysis. Proteolysis is the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Peptide bonds help in formation of polypeptide chain by linking amino acids together. Proteases have industrial uses and include more than 70% of the industrial enzyme. 3 Fungi and bacteria are the major source of production of this enzyme. Proteases are eco-friendly as the sources of production are generally nonpathogenic and non-toxic. 4 Sources of Proteolytic Enzymes: Proteolytic enzymes are produced by all life forms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.

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Purification and Characterization of Alkaline Protease Isolated from Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Seeds

“…Plant proteases are applied in various industries, such as medicine, food, detergent, and leather (Diana R Baidamshina et al, 2021;Sarkar & Suthindhiran, 2020). On the basis of their significant characteristics like a broad range of temperatures, pH, high stability in extreme conditions, substrate specificity and good solubility have been applied in various biotechnological fields and research (Kim, Si, Reddy, & Wee, 2016;Kumar, Anjana, & Sharma, 2019). Nowadays, the isolation of protease enzymes from plants has been augmented considerably by its subsequently.…”