Latest knowledge about changes in the proteome in microgravity

Schulz, Herbert; Strauch, Sebastian M.; Richter, Peter; Wehland, Markus; Krüger, Marcus; Sahana, Jayashree; Corydon, Thomas J.; Wise, Petra; Baran, Ronni; Lebert, Michael; Grimm, Daniela

doi:10.1080/14789450.2022.2030711

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…It has been known for many years that real (r-) and simulated (s-) µ g induce various changes in cells, microorganisms, animals, and plants [ 10 ]. Gene regulation is the key factor to the ability of a cell or an organism to sustain life and respond to environmental changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge about the Impact of Microgravity on Gene Regulation

Corydon

Schulz

Richter

et al. 2023

Cells

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Microgravity (µg) has a massive impact on the health of space explorers. Microgravity changes the proliferation, differentiation, and growth of cells. As crewed spaceflights into deep space are being planned along with the commercialization of space travelling, researchers have focused on gene regulation in cells and organisms exposed to real (r-) and simulated (s-) µg. In particular, cancer and metastasis research benefits from the findings obtained under µg conditions. Gene regulation is a key factor in a cell or an organism’s ability to sustain life and respond to environmental changes. It is a universal process to control the amount, location, and timing in which genes are expressed. In this review, we provide an overview of µg-induced changes in the numerous mechanisms involved in gene regulation, including regulatory proteins, microRNAs, and the chemical modification of DNA. In particular, we discuss the current knowledge about the impact of microgravity on gene regulation in different types of bacteria, protists, fungi, animals, humans, and cells with a focus on the brain, eye, endothelium, immune system, cartilage, muscle, bone, and various cancers as well as recent findings in plants. Importantly, the obtained data clearly imply that µg experiments can support translational medicine on Earth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge about the Impact of Microgravity on Gene Regulation

Corydon

Schulz

Richter

et al. 2023

Cells

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future, it will be of interest to study proteome-wide differences between age-related skeletal muscle wasting and other types of muscular atrophy caused by a variety of diverse triggering factors, such as denervation following motor nerve crush or spinal cord injury, prolonged bedrest in association with chronic disease, inappropriate levels of neuromuscular loading during plaster cast immobilization or prolonged exposure to microgravity. Since skeletal muscle performance deteriorates following extended periods of microgravity [3,575,576], which has been studied by proteomics [577], it has been suggested that certain aspects of neuromuscular alterations during prolonged spaceflights resemble changes in sarcopenia [578]. This opens new possibilities to study accelerated types of muscle-related stress and the molecular and cellular factors involved in muscular atrophy by the exposure of muscle cells to microgravity [579].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles

Dowling

Gargan

Swandulla

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.

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“…µ g provides a unique research environment and an opportunity to identify the mechanism of gravity-sensing and related signaling pathways, regulation and adaptation responses at the cellular, tissue and organism level, covering animals, plants and humans [ 15 , 16 ]. µ g -research is supported and validated by ground-based studies in µ g -analogues and simulations, as well as under increased gravitational (hypergravity) conditions, providing comprehensive and new knowledge on the regulation of cellular and subcellular functioning [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

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confidence: 99%