Latest Developments of HgCdTe e-APDs at CEA LETI-Minatec

Rothman, J.; Perrais, Gwladys; Ballet, P.; Mollard, L.; Gout, S.; Chamonal, Jean-Paul

doi:10.1007/s11664-008-0449-9

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[1][2][3][4] Arsenic is the most used impurity, as it has demonstrated very low diffusion properties into HgCdTe and also because the available purity and associated effusion technology meet today's requirements for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Arsenic can thus be incorporated in levels ranging from 1.0 9 10 16 at/cm 3 to 1.0 9 10 19 at/cm 3 , 5,6 but the acceptor activity can only be achieved after high-temperature thermal activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Investigation of Arsenic in HgCdTe: the Effect of the Activation Anneal

Ballet

Polge

Biquard

et al. 2009

Journal of Elec Materi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) investigation was carried out on two arsenic-doped HgCdTe samples. Arsenic incorporation was achieved with a non-conventional radiofrequency plasma source in a molecular beam epitaxy reactor. Both samples were taken from the same epitaxial run. One of these samples followed a 400°C activation anneal under Hg pressure. EXAFS was used here to probe the local environment around arsenic, and the experimental data were fit through first-principle calculations to extract a quantitative description of the arsenic site transfer upon annealing. Arsenic neighbors are described in terms of chemical nature, numbers and distances. Arsenic was found to be involved mostly in noncrystalline structures, either an As 2 Te 3 glass or an AsHg compact structure. The effect of annealing is to break down the chalcogenide glass, thus favoring the compact AsHg structure. EXAFS results were compared to 77 K Halleffect measurements, and a very good correlation was found. These findings were compared to the commonly admitted scenario for arsenic site incorporation and transfer upon annealing and provided a new picture and the first experimental evidence of the site transfer.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Investigation of Arsenic in HgCdTe: the Effect of the Activation Anneal

Ballet

Polge

Biquard

et al. 2009

Journal of Elec Materi

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, new perspectives could be opened by a novel type of polarized HgCdTe Avalanche Photodiodes developed at the Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA) in Grenoble (Rothman et al 2008). It appears that these diodes could have a high gain, a low dark current, a very high quantum efficiency (above 95%) and will detect single photons in the optical-near infrared domain with an accuracy of time tagging better than 100 picoseconds (Rothman, private communication).…”

Section: New Photon-counting Hgcdte Avalanche Photodiodes and The Quamentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensity interferometry and the second-order correlation function $g^{(2)}$ in astrophysics

Foellmi¹

2009

A&A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most observational techniques in astronomy can be understood as exploiting the various forms of the first-order correlation function g (1) . As demonstrated by the Narrabri stellar intensity interferometer back in the 1960s by Hanbury Brown & Twiss, the first experiment to measure the second-order correlation function g (2) , light can carry more information than simply its intensity, spectrum, and polarization. Since this experiment, theoretical and laboratory studies of non-classical properties of light have become a very active field of research, called quantum optics. Despite the variety of results in this field, astrophysics remained focused essentially on first-order coherence. In this paper, we study the possibility that quantum properties of light could be observed in cosmic sources. We provide the basic mathematical ingredients about the first and the second order correlation functions, applied to the modern context of astronomical observations. We aim at replacing the Hanbury Brown & Twiss experiment in this context, and present two fundamental limitations of an intensity interferometer: the requirement of a chaotic light source and the rapid decrease of the amount of correlated fluctuations with the surface temperature. The first of these limitations paradoxically emphasizes that the exploitation of g (2) is richer than what a modern intensity interferometer could bring and is particularly interesting for sources of nonthermal light. We also discuss new photon-counting avalanche photodiodes currently being developed in Grenoble, and their impact on limiting magnitudes of an intensity interferometer. We conclude by briefly presenting why microquasars in our galaxy and their extragalactic parents can represent an excellent first target in the optical/near-infrared where to observe nonthermal light and to test the use of g (2) in astrophysical sources.

show abstract

“…A FPA mounted in front of these wires is able to detect half part of the diffused light, leading to a 37% efficiency. In a near future one can consider to use a close to noiseless IR detector [23], bounded on the above described near IR IO beam combiner. Under conservative assumptions one may consider that the foreseen IO combining component present an efficiency of 30%.…”

Section: Toward An Integrated Instrument With High Spectral Resolutiomentioning

confidence: 99%

On-chip spectro-detection for fully integrated coherent beam combiners

Kern¹,

Coarer²,

Bénech³

2009

Opt. Express

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents how photonics associated with new arising detection technologies is able to provide fully integrated instrument for coherent beam combination applied to astrophysical interferometry. The feasibility and operation of on-chip coherent beam combiners has been already demonstrated using various interferometric combination schemes. More recently we proposed a new detection principle aimed at directly sampling and extracting the spectral information of an input signal together with its flux level measurement. The so-called SWIFTS demonstrated concept that stands for Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer, provides full spectral and spatial information recorded simultaneously thanks to a motionless detecting device. Due to some newly available detection principles considered for the implementation of the SWIFTS concept, some technologies can even provide photo-counting operation that brought a significant extension of the interferometry domain of investigation in astrophysics . The proposed concept is applicable to most of the interferometric instrumental modes including fringe tracking, fast and sensitive detection, Fourier spectral reconstruction and also to manage a large number of incoming beams. The paper presents three practical implementations, two dealing with pair-wise integrated optics beam combinations and the third one with an all-in-one 8 beam combination. In all cases the principles turned into a pair wise baseline coding after proper data processing.

show abstract

Latest Developments of HgCdTe e-APDs at CEA LETI-Minatec

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Investigation of Arsenic in HgCdTe: the Effect of the Activation Anneal

Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Investigation of Arsenic in HgCdTe: the Effect of the Activation Anneal

Intensity interferometry and the second-order correlation function $g^{(2)}$ in astrophysics

On-chip spectro-detection for fully integrated coherent beam combiners

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About