Latest Developments in the Research of Rust Fungi and Their Allies (Pucciniomycotina)

Toome‐Heller, Merje

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_7

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 166 publications

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“…Fungi of the Pucciniomycotina have been reported in a diversity of ecological habitats, including extreme environments imposing strong abiotic stresses (e.g. artic ice, deep-sea habitats; Aime et al, 2014;Toome-Heller, 2016). Pucciniales that are found in temperate, montane or boreal climates most often display a dormant phase during winter in their cycle .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert annotation and life-cycle transcriptomics of transcription factors in rust fungi (Pucciniales) highlight the role of cold shock proteins in dormancy exit

Louet

Blot

Shelest

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Fungi of the order Pucciniales are obligate plant biotrophs causing rust diseases. They exhibit a complex life cycle with the production of up to five spore types, infection of two unrelated hosts and an overwintering stage. Transcription factors (TFs) are key regulators of gene expression in eukaryote cells. In order to better understand genetic programs expressed during major transitions of the rust life cycle, we surveyed the complement of TFs in fungal genomes with an emphasis on Pucciniales. We found that despite their large gene numbers, rust genomes have a reduced repertoire of TFs compared to other fungi. The proportions of C2H2 and Zinc cluster - two of the most represented TF families in fungi-indicate differences in their evolutionary relationships in Pucciniales and other fungal taxa. The cold shock protein (CSP) family showed a striking expansion in Pucciniomycotina with specific duplications in the order Pucciniales. The survey of expression profiles collected by transcriptomics along the life cycle of the poplar rust fungus revealed TF genes related to major biological transitions, e.g. response to environmental cues and host infection. Particularly, poplar rust CSPs were strongly expressed in basidia produced after the overwintering stage suggesting a possible role in dormancy exit. Expression during transition from dormant telia to basidia confirmed the specific expression of the three poplar rust CSP genes. Their heterologous expression in yeast improved cell growth after cold stress exposure, strengthening their implication in dormancy exit. This study addresses for the first time TF involved in developmental transition in the rust life cycle opening perspectives to further explore molecular regulation in the biology of the Pucciniales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert annotation and life-cycle transcriptomics of transcription factors in rust fungi (Pucciniales) highlight the role of cold shock proteins in dormancy exit

Louet

Blot

Shelest

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Rusts are a group of plant diseases caused by species of the Pucciniales order which is one of the largest orders of plant fungal pathogens comprising more than 8,000 species [ 1 ]. They are obligate biotrophs that compromise yields of important crops worldwide and exhibit complex lifecycles with up to five different stages (i.e., pycnidial, aecial, uredial, telial, and basidial stages) [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RGB image-based method for phenotyping rust disease progress in pea leaves using R

Osuna-Caballero,

Olivoto,

Jiménez-Vaquero

et al. 2023

Plant Methods

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Background Rust is a damaging disease affecting vital crops, including pea, and identifying highly resistant genotypes remains a challenge. Accurate measurement of infection levels in large germplasm collections is crucial for finding new resistance sources. Current evaluation methods rely on visual estimation of disease severity and infection type under field or controlled conditions. While they identify some resistance sources, they are error-prone and time-consuming. An image analysis system proves useful, providing an easy-to-use and affordable way to quickly count and measure rust-induced pustules on pea samples. This study aimed to develop an automated image analysis pipeline for accurately calculating rust disease progression parameters under controlled conditions, ensuring reliable data collection. Results A highly efficient and automatic image-based method for assessing rust disease in pea leaves was developed using R. The method’s optimization and validation involved testing different segmentation indices and image resolutions on 600 pea leaflets with rust symptoms. The approach allows automatic estimation of parameters like pustule number, pustule size, leaf area, and percentage of pustule coverage. It reconstructs time series data for each leaf and integrates daily estimates into disease progression parameters, including latency period and area under the disease progression curve. Significant variation in disease responses was observed between genotypes using both visual ratings and image-based analysis. Among assessed segmentation indices, the Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI) proved fastest, analysing 600 leaflets at 60% resolution in 62 s with parallel processing. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient between image-based and visual pustule counting showed over 0.98 accuracy at full resolution. While lower resolution slightly reduced accuracy, differences were statistically insignificant for most disease progression parameters, significantly reducing processing time and storage space. NGRDI was optimal at all time points, providing highly accurate estimations with minimal accumulated error. Conclusions A new image-based method for monitoring pea rust disease in detached leaves, using RGB spectral indices segmentation and pixel value thresholding, improves resolution and precision. It rapidly analyses hundreds of images with accuracy comparable to visual methods and higher than other image-based approaches. This method evaluates rust progression in pea, eliminating rater-induced errors from traditional methods. Implementing this approach to evaluate large germplasm collections will improve our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions and aid future breeding for novel pea cultivars with increased rust resistance.

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“…Pucciniales (Basidiomycota) are an order of obligate parasitic fungi of vascular plants, with complex life cycles that cause diseases known as rusts (Romero-Cova 1988;Toome-Heller 2016;Aime et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of the demicyclic life cycle of Puccinia sherardiana in Sphaeralcea angustifolia in Mexico.

Sánchez-Pale

Leal-León

Quezada-Salinas

et al. 2022

Preprint

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During 2017 and 2018, plants with dark brown lesions containing hypophilic telia surrounded by chlorotic halos were collected on leaves and stems of Sphaeralcea angustifolia located in Axapusco, Estado de México. Based on the morphological characteristics of pycnia, aecia and telia observed in light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the fungus Puccinia sherardiana was identified. No uredinal status was present during the observation period. Verification of identity was performed by phylogenetic analysis with a ribosomal DNA 28S gene sequence. Additionally, pathogenicity tests were performed on leaves of S. angustifolia by inoculation of teliospores. The inoculated plants developed symptoms 15 days after inoculation, beginning with the presence of errupent aecia in the epidermis of the host and later telia were formed, completing Koch's Postulates. Puccinia sherardiana was previously described as a rust with a microcyclic life cycle on species of the genera Alcea, Malvastrum, Sidalcea and Sphaeralcea, belonging to the Malvaceae family, however, this study showed that this phytopathogenic fungus has a demicyclic life cycle.

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Latest Developments in the Research of Rust Fungi and Their Allies (Pucciniomycotina)

Cited by 12 publications

References 166 publications

Expert annotation and life-cycle transcriptomics of transcription factors in rust fungi (Pucciniales) highlight the role of cold shock proteins in dormancy exit

Expert annotation and life-cycle transcriptomics of transcription factors in rust fungi (Pucciniales) highlight the role of cold shock proteins in dormancy exit

RGB image-based method for phenotyping rust disease progress in pea leaves using R

Description of the demicyclic life cycle of Puccinia sherardiana in Sphaeralcea angustifolia in Mexico.

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