Latest Advances in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol/Dimethylether

Challenges in the Greener Production of Formates/Formic Acid, Methanol, and DME by Heterogeneously Catalyzed CO2Hydrogenation Processes

“…On the other hand, the electron-deficient Cu δ+ species has been widely used to explain the differences in catalytic activity of the Cu–ZnO–ZrO 2 systems. 103 , 150 , 219 , 224 , 227 − 229 This hypothesis has been supported by chemisorption and FTIR studies and proved that the interaction of Cu particles with ZnO and ZrO 2 phases leads to the stabilization of Cu δ+ sites at the metal oxide interface. 227 , 228 …”

“… 103 , 219 Among these, the most discussed interaction is between Cu 0 and the most popular promoter, ZnO. In order to explain the Cu–Zn synergy, Arena et al 103 proposed that ZnO could act as a reservoir for atomic hydrogen speeding up the hydrogenation of the intermediates. They also proposed that either ZnO could confer a peculiar morphology to the Cu particles or ZnO was able to create additional active sites on the Cu surface.…”

Combination of Chemo- and Biocatalysis: Conversion of Biomethane to Methanol and Formic Acid

“…Moreover, methane from mimicked biogas (CH 4 :CO 2 = 1:1) was utilized in this work to further explore this renewable feedstock, which is produced at a scale of Gm 3 •a −1 [41]. The following results should be also set into context of presently discussed methanol production routes from biogas which follow the conventional syngas strategy [42] or might use the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide [43][44][45][46]. Clearly, the following results represent insights of a new, alternative route to already existing methods from biomethane to methanol.…”

Assessing the techno-environmental performance of CO2 utilization via dry reforming of methane for the production of dimethyl ether

“…Methanol dehydration can be performed at relatively low temperature and pressure [23,49]. An inlet temperature 5 of 160 C and pressure of 15 bar were selected after some model test runs. The selected catalyst for this process was g-Al 2 O 3 as this is the most commonly used catalyst for conventional DME production [2,49].…”

“…1 depicts the most common chemical conversion routes of CO 2 into fuels and fuel additives. Hydrogenation of CO 2 is extensively researched in literature [5,36] as it provides a direct route to methanol, a very useful chemical feedstock which can directly be used as a fuel (additive) or as an intermediate to produce more advanced fuels [5,32,36]. Other conversion routes, such as reversed water gas shift or dry reforming of methane can be used for the production of syngas [36].…”