Lateral variations in sedimentation records along the strike length of North Almora Thrust: Central Kumaun Himalaya

Examining the relationship between land surface temperature and landscape features using spectral indices with Google Earth Engine

“…Due to the surface reflectance and roughness of different LULC types, the LST of different surface areas varies greatly [ 20 ]. Researchers have discovered that remote sensing plays a vital role in determining ecological conditions and tracking change at both geographical and temporal scales [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Due to increasing urbanization, land surface types have been changing in recent years [ 25 ].…”

Tectonic imprints of landscape evolution in the Bhilangana and Mandakini basin, Garhwal Himalaya, India: A geospatial approach

“…Conventionally, the drainage systems in an active tectonic terrain is impacted by river incisions, active folding and faulting and erodibility which leads to the formation of several alluvial landforms (Schumm, 1986;Keller and Pinter, 1996;Whipple et al, 2013;Kothyari, 2014;Kothyari et al, 2016aKothyari et al, , 2018aTaloor et al, 2017). Active tectonics induced deformation of the valley floor can affect the geometry, aggradation and degradation process of the fluvial network and the deformation can be observed in the form of streams/terrace offsets along the faults (Wallace and Moxham, 1967;Kothyari and Luirei, 2016;Kothyari et al, 2017bKothyari et al, , 2020bKothyari et al, , 2018bBhat et al, 2019). Factors such as topography, climate and lithological con-trol also effects the geomorphic processes which must be considered while inferring from a tectonically oriented aspect (Jackson and Leeder, 1994;Holbrook and Schumm, 1999;Burbank and Anderson, 2001;Keller and Pinter, 2002).…”

“…The geomorphic record in the mountains and in their forelands reflects the interplay of orogenic tectonics, global cli-matic changes and therefore, provides a unique opportunity to under-stand realm of neotectonics. The deflection of river channels in the (which part upper lower) Himalayas can be straightaway correlated with neoteconic activity prevailing in the region which effects river gradient and generates knickpoints (Gupta, 1997;Seeber and Gornitz, 1983;Kothyari and Luirei, 2016;Talukdar et al, 2019;Kothyari et al, 2020b). Active fault zones present in the Higher Himalaya can be detected by observing abrupt changes in river gradient and the gradient is maximum towards north and it gets moderate approaching south indicating rapid uplift activity in the former part which coincides with regions of rapid uplift in the north to moderate uplift in the south (Hodges et al, 2004).…”

“…Due to high relief and dense vegetation condi-tions, some parts in Himalayan region are inaccessible to conduct geological/geomorphic investigations to assess its tectonic history. Therefore, the remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques proved to be an indispensable tool in evaluating mor-photectonic analysis to estimate tectonic activity (Taloor et al, 2017;Kothyari et al, 2020b).…”