“…While there are instances of adaptive TMD (Shi et al, 2019), a more comprehensive body of research has focused on the application of semiactive control laws (Casciati and Casciati, 2016;Casciati et al, 2006) to TMD Nagarajaiah and Jung, 2014;Soria et al, 2019;Zelleke and Matsagar, 2019) (STMD). This semi-active inertial device has been studied for different types of structures, such as buildings (Ghorbanzadeh et al, 2021), cables (Casciati and Ubertini, 2008;Li et al, 2022) and footbridges (Casciati et al, 2017;Ferreira and Simões, 2018;Jiménez-Alonso et al, 2021;Soria et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2021). Its use in railway bridges has been studied very superficially (Ferreira, 2013;Luu, 2014) and the robustness of the STMD has not been analysed in-depth when there are uncertainties that are characteristic of this type of structure.…”