Lateral roots of carrot have a low impact on alloinfections in cavity spot epidemic caused by Pythium violae

Abstract

Carrot cavity spot, caused by a complex of Pythium species, is characterized by sunken elliptical lesions on the taproot. Recent epidemiological studies of P. violae have demonstrated the occurrence of both primary and secondary infections, with two types of secondary infection, autoinfection and alloinfection. Investigating the mechanisms underlying alloinfection and the role of carrot lateral roots, we asked whether direct physical root contact plays a role in alloinfection and whether root exudates enhance mycelial growth in soil alone. A rhizobox system was designed to differentiate the effects of each mechanism: a buffer zone created by nylon mesh was used to test the first mechanism, and young carrots with a root system similar to lateral roots were used to test the second. Alloinfections were generated in rhizoboxes via diseased taproots transplanted close to healthy, mature carrots. The nylon mesh had no significant effect on disease intensity (reflecting alloinfection), providing evidence that mycelial growth in soil contributed more to disease spread than did physical contact among roots. Nor did young carrots significantly affect alloinfection; thus root exudates had little effect on mycelial growth.

Pathometric relationships reveal epidemiological processes involved in carrot cavity spot epidemics

“…The bilogistic model of Hau and Amorim (Hau et al 1993) and the model of Brassett and Gilligan (1988), which back the existence of primary and secondary infections, were correctly fitted to CCS incidence progress curves (Suffert 2007). The occurrence of alloinfection by P. violae in CCS epidemics was verified by a soil infestation method, in which an artificially infected carrot taproot (donor) was transplanted close to healthy roots (receptors; Suffert and Montfort 2007;Suffert and Lucas 2008). The commercially acceptable level of CCS is variable, can change during the harvesting season, and depends on market demand; consequently, producers need disease standards and quality indicators to adapt the quality of carrots to their harvesting date (and vice-versa) and to the market demand.…”