Lateral Plate Morph Variation in California Populations of the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Baumgartner, Jeffrey V.; Bell, Michael A.

doi:10.2307/2408715

Cited by 24 publications

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“…The Banks-Estevan stickleback populations are concordant with this trend. We observed no instances of the partially plated morph, which, when present, can reflect hybridization between the marine and freshwater populations (Hagen 1967;Moodie 1972) as well as selective differences among populations (Baumgartner and Bell 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Replicated ecological landscapes and the evolution of morphological diversity amongGasterosteuspopulations from an archipelago on the west coast of Canada

Reimchen

Nosil

2006

Can. J. Zool.

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We investigated defence and trophic morphology of 40 freshwater stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) populations from the Banks-Estevan archipelago for comparison with the isolated stickleback populations from the nearby Haida Gwaii archipelago. Using 14 size-standardized metric traits and 11 meristic or categorical traits from 1706 individuals (14-54/site), we found that the first principal component (PC1) defined a defence apparatus characterized by high loadings for pelvic spine length, number of forks on the ascending process, number of lateral plates, and overlap between lateral and basal plates. The second component (PC2) defined a trophic apparatus characterized by high loadings for gape length, eye diameter, and body depth. Populations with loss of spines, loss of plates, increased gape, increased body depth, and low gill raker number were most prevalent in ponds and shallow lakes with low conductivity. Most traits were sexually dimorphic, with males exhibiting greater armature and increased benthic trophic adaptations. We observed substantially less morphological variability among Banks-Estevan stickleback populations than among the Haida Gwaii populations and one instance of common ancestry or convergence to the giant black stickleback of Haida Gwaii.Résumé : Nous avons étudié les structures de défense et la morphologie trophique chez 40 populations d'eau douce de l'épinoche à trois épines (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) de l'archipel de Banks-Estevan pour les comparer à celles des populations isolées de l'archipel voisin Haida Gwaii. À l'étude de 14 caractéristiques métriques standardisées en fonction de la taille et de 11 caractéristiques méristiques ou catégoriques chez 1706 individus (étendue de 14-54/site), nous trouvons que la première composante principale (PC1) définit un appareil de défense caractérisé par des poids élevés pour la longueur de l'épine pelvienne, le nombre de fourches sur le processus ascendant, le nombre de plaques latérales et la superposition des plaques latérales et basales. La seconde composante principale (PC2) définit un appareil trophique caractérisé par des poids élevées pour la longueur de l'ouverture de la bouche, le diamètre de l'oeil et la profondeur du corps. Les populations caractérisées par la perte des épines, la perte des plaques, une grande ouverture de la bouche, un grande profondeur du corps et un petit nombre de branchiospines tendent à prédominer dans les étangs et les lacs peu profonds de faible conductivité. La plupart des caractéristiques sont dimorphes en fonction du sexe: les mâles possèdent une armature plus élaborée et des adaptations trophiques plus importantes pour la vie benthique. Il existe substantiellement moins de variabilité morphologique chez les populations de Banks-Estevan que dans celles de Haida Gwaii; nous avons observé un cas d'ascendance commune ou de convergence avec l'épinoche noire géante de Haida Gwaii.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Replicated ecological landscapes and the evolution of morphological diversity amongGasterosteuspopulations from an archipelago on the west coast of Canada

Reimchen

Nosil

2006

Can. J. Zool.

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“…Over the last 10,000 to 15,000 years, these fish have adapted to a wide range of new ecological conditions, giving rise to diverse populations with striking differences in morphology, physiology, and behavior (Bell and Foster 1994). Major changes in the bony armor have evolved repeatedly in different locations, and several hypotheses have been proposed to explain this morphological transformation, including response to changes in calcium availability (Giles 1983), stream gradients (Baumgartner and Bell 1984), or temperature, salinity, or other factors that may vary in parallel with climate (Heuts 1947; Hagen and Moodie 1982); or exposure to different types of predators (Hagen and Gilbertson 1973a; Moodie et al 1973; Reimchen 1992; Reimchen 1995). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Architecture of Parallel Armor Plate Reduction in Threespine Sticklebacks

et al. 2004

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How many genetic changes control the evolution of new traits in natural populations? Are the same genetic changes seen in cases of parallel evolution? Despite long-standing interest in these questions, they have been difficult to address, particularly in vertebrates. We have analyzed the genetic basis of natural variation in three different aspects of the skeletal armor of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus): the pattern, number, and size of the bony lateral plates. A few chromosomal regions can account for variation in all three aspects of the lateral plates, with one major locus contributing to most of the variation in lateral plate pattern and number. Genetic mapping and allelic complementation experiments show that the same major locus is responsible for the parallel evolution of armor plate reduction in two widely separated populations. These results suggest that a small number of genetic changes can produce major skeletal alterations in natural populations and that the same major locus is used repeatedly when similar traits evolve in different locations.

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“…Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the selective forces responsible for the rapid change in the frequency of plate morphs associated with the invasion of fresh waters by sticklebacks, including climate (Hagen & Moodie, ), an interaction of predation and environment (Reimchen, , ), swimming regime (Baumgartner & Bell, ) and buoyancy (Myhre & Klepaker, ). However, none of these factors is likely to show the conspicuous transition between marine and freshwater habitats that would correlate with the discontinuous change in frequency of complete and low plate morphs that is observed (Heuts, ; Hagen, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and salinity as selective factors in plate morph evolution of the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

Spence

Wootton

Przybylski

et al. 2012

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Identifying the causal factors underlying natural selection remains a key challenge in evolutionary biology. Although the genetic basis for the plate morph evolution of three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is well described, the environmental variables that form the basis for different morphs are not understood. We measured the effects of dissolved calcium and salinity on the growth of sticklebacks with different plate morphs from Scotland and Poland. There was a significant interaction of calcium with plate morph for fish from both regions, with complete morph sticklebacks growing more slowly at low calcium concentrations and low morph sticklebacks showing divergent responses to calcium concentration. A Scottish anadromous population showed evidence of local adaptation to high salinity, which was independent of plate morph. Polish and Scottish populations diverged in their response to salinity, suggesting a difference in osmotic regulation. The results implicate a role for calcium in selecting for plate morph evolution in sticklebacks, possibly as a limiting element in skeletal growth.

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Lateral Plate Morph Variation in California Populations of the Threespine Stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Replicated ecological landscapes and the evolution of morphological diversity amongGasterosteuspopulations from an archipelago on the west coast of Canada

Replicated ecological landscapes and the evolution of morphological diversity amongGasterosteuspopulations from an archipelago on the west coast of Canada

The Genetic Architecture of Parallel Armor Plate Reduction in Threespine Sticklebacks

Calcium and salinity as selective factors in plate morph evolution of the three‐spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

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