Lateral performance of traditional Chinese timber frames: Experiments and analytical model

Xie, Qin; Zhang, Lipeng; Wang, Long; Zhou, Weijian; Zhou, Tiegang

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.02.038

Cited by 40 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Buildings 2022, 12, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 23 no weights on the infill walls [2,3]. Timber frames are usually the main-load bearing and forceresisting units of traditional Chinese timber structures, which is different from modern structures.…”

Section: History and Research Of Chinese Traditional Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, beams and columns are connected by mortise-tenon joints without any nails and bracings, and all of the mass from the roof is loaded onto the beams and columns. There are no weights on the infill walls [2,3]. Timber frames are usually the main-load bearing and force-resisting units of traditional Chinese timber structures, which is different from modern structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Study of the Hysteresis Model of the Kanchuang Frame Used in Chinese Traditional Timber Buildings of the Qing Dynasty

et al. 2022

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Kanchuang frames are important parts of traditional timber architecture in China. This paper used experimental and numerical methods to study the restoring force model of Kanchuang frames, which were used frequently in Chinese ancient timber structures, particularly in North China. The prototyped test model is a type of Chinese traditional timber architecture named Qilinyingshan. It was widely used in ancient timber buildings preserved from the Ming and Qing dynasties. This study analyzed the loading process and failure modes of the test model, and the skeleton curve and hysteretic curve data were collected. Moreover, a dimensionless skeleton curve model was developed based upon the findings. The hysteresis loops of the test model were also analyzed, and it was found that each hysteresis loop can be divided into several feature segments according to their stiffness at different loading stages. Regression analysis was also used to obtain the stiffness degradation curvilinear equations of the feature segments. Finally, a hysteresis force model of a Kanchuang frame was established. This study also found that the loading process can be divided into three stages: the elastic stage, in which all of the components are in good condition; the elastic–plastic stage, in which cracks gradually develop on the wall; and the new elastic–plastic stage, after which the wall collapses. It was found there was consistency between the restoring force model and the test results, indicating that the model is valid and reliable. The skeleton curve model and hysteretic model provide reference for the nonlinear seismic response of ancient timber architecture.

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Section: History and Research Of Chinese Traditional Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of the Hysteresis Model of the Kanchuang Frame Used in Chinese Traditional Timber Buildings of the Qing Dynasty

et al. 2022

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“…Wood was the dominant material used when architectural civilization began in China [1]. Timber structures with flexible mortise-tenon joints are typical in old traditional residence dwellings and official palaces [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Resistance of Timber Frames with Mud and Stone Infill Walls in a Chinese Traditional Village Dwelling

Shen

Yan

et al. 2021

Buildings

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Traditional Chinese wood residences consist of timber frames with masonry infill walls or other types of infill, representing valuable heritage. A field investigation of traditional village dwellings in northern China consisting of timber frames with mud and stone infill walls was conducted. Their construction characteristics are reported, and static cyclic tests were performed on two full-size wood-stone hybrid walls with different configurations (exterior transverse wall and internal transverse wall) and no openings (doors or windows). Their failure mechanics and seismic capacity, i.e., the strength, stiffness, ductility, and energy dissipation, were investigated. The results are compared with a previous experimental study of two full-size timber frames with the same traditional structure but no infill to determine the effect of the mud and stone infill on the lateral resistance. The experimental results indicate that the stone infill has a critical influence on the lateral performance of traditional village buildings, resulting in a high lateral stiffness, high strength (>20 kN), and a high ductility ratio (>10). An increase in the vertical load leads to an increase in the lateral resistance of the timber frame with infill walls, larger for the internal transverse wall than the external gable wall. The incompatibility of the deformation between the timber frame and stone infill is the main failure reason, resulting in falling stones and collapse with undamaged timber frames. Suggestions are provided for the protection and repair of traditional wood residences in northern China.

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“…Shi et al [5] used a synchronous loading technique to study the hysteresis behavior of a full-scale Chinese timber structure and revealed the effects of vertical loads and gaps in the mortise-tenon joint. Some tests on the timber frame with straight mortise-tenon joints [6,7] or with dovetail joints [8][9][10][11] have been conducted and the pulling-out of the tenon were frequently observed. Zhang [12] studied the seismic and lateral resistance of column-and-tie wooden buildings, the global slip of the framework and the slip of the column footing were observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jiang et al [13] used multi-scale modelling method to simulate a timber frame with mortise-tenon joints and received good results. Some analytical models were proposed [6,7] and can predict the hysteresis behavior of the timber frame. Xiong et al [14] studied the moment-rotation angle curve of aluminum alloy mortise-and-tenon joints, and proposed a hybrid beam element model which can well reflect the semi-rigid characteristics of the joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of the Damage of Mortise-Tenon Joint on the Cyclic Performance of the Traditional Chinese Timber Frame

Sha

Wang

2019

Applied Sciences

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In this article, the finite element method is used to build the analytical model of a traditional Chinese timber frame with straight mortise-tenon joints. The analytical model is then subjected to the lateral cyclic loading and verified based on the results of an experiment. Three types of damage in the straight mortise-tenon joint, including the gap between the mortise and tenon, damage in the top and the end of tenon, are proposed and idealized so that the analytical model can be modified accordingly. The hysteresis curve, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity derived from these damaged models with different damage extents are analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed damages of the joints have adverse influences on the lateral behavior of the timber frame. Both stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the timber frame are weakened by these damages.

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Lateral performance of traditional Chinese timber frames: Experiments and analytical model

Cited by 40 publications

References 17 publications

An Experimental Study of the Hysteresis Model of the Kanchuang Frame Used in Chinese Traditional Timber Buildings of the Qing Dynasty

An Experimental Study of the Hysteresis Model of the Kanchuang Frame Used in Chinese Traditional Timber Buildings of the Qing Dynasty

Seismic Resistance of Timber Frames with Mud and Stone Infill Walls in a Chinese Traditional Village Dwelling

The Influence of the Damage of Mortise-Tenon Joint on the Cyclic Performance of the Traditional Chinese Timber Frame

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