Lateral‐Flow Immunochromatographic Assays

Abstract

This overview of lateral‐flow immunochromatographic assays covers the development of the first of such tests for pregnancy, their general mode of operation and the role of, and interplay between, their different components. Emerging materials and issues related to the wider range of biofluids these devices are now designed to work with are also discussed. This assay platform has existed for almost 20 years and despite efforts to improve upon it, its ability to produce an accurate and rapid result in the hands of both professional and naïve user 8 will ensure that its spectrum of applicability widens.

Aptamer‐Based Origami Paper Analytical Device for Electrochemical Detection of Adenosine

“…[6] The low cost and ease of use of this family of devices ensured an expansion in the number of types of assays available, particularly for point-of-care applications. [5] In 2007, Whitesides and coworkers added functionality to the basic lateral flow design by developing a means for dividing the paper substrate into hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.…”

Clinical Chemistry: Challenges for Analytical Chemistry and the Nanosciences from Medicine

“…The antibodies are fixed on coated latex particles or colloidal gold (GLORIA technique: Gold-Labeled Optical-read Rapid Immuno Assay), or less often on selenium, carbon, or liposomes. [29] The antigen-antibody complex, along with excess conjugate, flows through the membrane system as a consequence of capillary action. As soon as the antigen-antibody complex reaches the test zone, it reacts with a secondary antibody and becomes fixed.…”

“…[19] The goals are to achieve an accrediting procedure that is uniform and harmonized worldwide, to raise the level of quality, and to assure international comparability of laboratories. [27][28][29] The cited norms are intended to regulate in particular: [30,31] * the disciplinary competence of laboratories (laboratory leadership, staff), * structured and scheduled instruction, continuing education, and advanced training of staff, * requirements with respect to documentation, * internal and external quality-control systems, * standards and measures for continuous in-house quality optimization (preemptive and corrective measures, causal analyses), * internal and external auditing procedures, * requirements with respect to outfitting of laboratories (apparatus, reagents, materials), * unambiguous and intelligible instructions for pre-analysis, analysis, and postanalysis, * standards regarding the data-processing systems utilized, * improved orientation for patients and submitters.…”

Over-the-Counter Biosensors: Past, Present, and Future

“…The assay is based on lateral-flow immunochromatographic technique [59]. The device is typically constructed with a nitrocellulose membrane with a sample addition pad and an absorbent pad at the two ends.…”