Dysregulation of protein phosphatases is associated with the progression of various human diseases and cancers. Herein, a photoelectrochemical (PEC)-quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) dual-mode sensing platform was developed for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity assay based on bifunctional magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O@TiO 2 nanosphere-mediated PEC photocurrent polarity switching and QCM signal amplification strategies. The PTP1B-specific phosphopeptide (P-peptide) with a cysteine end was designed and immobilized onto the QCM Au chip via the Au−S bond. Subsequently, the Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O@TiO 2 nanosphere was connected to the P-peptide via the specific interaction between the phosphate group on the P-peptide and TiO 2 . After incubation with PTP1B, the dephosphorylation of the Ppeptide occurred, causing some Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O@TiO 2 nanospheres to be released from the chip surface. The released magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O@TiO 2 nanospheres (labeled as R-Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O@TiO 2 ) were quickly separated via magnetic separation technology and attached to the Bi 2 S 3 -decorated magnetic indium−tin oxide (Bi 2 S 3 /MITO) electrode by magnetic force, inducing the switch of the photocurrent polarity of the electrode from anodic current (the Bi 2 S 3 /MITO electrode) to cathodic current (the R-Fe 3 O 4 @ Cu 2 O@TiO 2 /Bi 2 S 3 /MITO electrode). Also, the nondephosphorylated P-peptide linked Fe 3 O 4 @Cu 2 O@TiO 2 nanospheres as nanozymes with horseradish peroxidase activity to catalyze the formation of precipitation on the surface of the Au chip, leading to a frequency change of the QCM. Thus, the proposed PEC-QCM dual-mode sensing platform achieved accurate and reliable assay of PTP1B activity because of the different mechanisms and independent signal transductions. In addition, this dual-mode sensing platform can be easily extended for other protein phosphatase activity analysis and shows great potential in the early diagnosis of the protein phosphatase-related diseases and the protein phosphatase-targeted drug discovery.