Lateral Female Strobili Production in a Japanese Red Pine (<i>Pinus densiflora</i>Sieb. et Zucc.) Clone by Exogenous Cytokinin Application

Wakushima, Satoru; Yoshioka, Hisashi; Sakurai, Naoki

doi:10.1007/bf02348192

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Plant hormones are essential factors for regulating sex determination in various plant species (Dellaporta and Calderon-Urrea 1993;Khryanin 2002;Yamasaki et al 2005;Gerashchenkov and Rozhnova 2013). Feminization of male flowers by cytokinin treatment has been reported in several species, including species of Vitis, Spinacia, Cannabis, and Pinus (Negi and Olmo 1966;Chailakhyan and Khryanin 1978;Galoch 1978;Wakushima et al 1996). Negi and Olmo (1966) reported that the exogenous application of cytokinin converted male flowers to hermaphroditic flowers in Vitis vinifera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental basis for flower sex determination and effects of cytokinin on sex determination in Plukenetia volubilis (Euphorbiaceae)

Luo

Pan

et al. 2020

Plant Reprod

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Key message Cytokinin might be an important factor to regulate floral sex at the very early stage of flower development in sacha inchi. Abstract Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis, Euphorbiaceae) is characterized by having female and male flowers in a thyrse with particular differences. The mechanisms involved in the development of unisexual flowers are very poorly understood. In this study, the inflorescence and flower development of P. volubilis were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. We also investigated the effects of cytokinin on flower sex determination by exogenous application of 6-benzyladenine (BA) in P. volubilis. The floral development of P. volubilis was divided into eight stages, and the first morphological divergence between the male and female flowers was found to occur at stage 3. Both female and male flowers can be structurally distinguished by differences in the shape and size of the flower apex after sepal primordia initiation. There are no traces of gynoecia in male flowers or of androecia in female flowers. Exogenous application of BA effectively induced gynoecium primordia initiation and female flower development, especially at the early flower developmental stages. We propose that flower sex is determined earlier and probably occurs before flower initiation, either prior to or at inflorescence development due to the difference in the position of the female and male primordia in the inflorescence and in the time of the female and male primordia being initiated. The influence of cytokinin on female primordia during flower development in P. volubilis strongly suggests a feminization role for cytokinin in sex determination. These results indicate that cytokinin could modify the fate of the apical meristem of male flower and promote the formation of carpel primordia in P. volubilis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental basis for flower sex determination and effects of cytokinin on sex determination in Plukenetia volubilis (Euphorbiaceae)

Luo

Pan

et al. 2020

Plant Reprod

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“…Our previous study showed that the spray application of BAP to Japanese red pine in September (Sept. 7 to Oct. 14, 1992) induced the lateral female and bisexual strobili (Wakushima et al, 1996). However, since BAP application in the previous study was carried out at only two different periods, July and September, precise timing of start and end of effective BAP application was not clear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…to mid-Oct.) was effective in producing lateral female and bisexual strobili (Wakushima et al, 1996). In the present study, BAP treatment at stage III (early Oct. to mid-Nov.) produced more strobili than treatment at stage II, these two periods were overlapped in the September treatment which was the effective one of our previous study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Promotion of Lateral Female Strobili Production inPinus densifloraby Cytokinin Application at a Specific Stage

Wakushima¹,

Yoshioka²,

Sakurai

1997

Journal of Forest Research

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no apical female strobili were observed at the top of the new shoots in any treatment. However, BAP application at stage III (floral differentiation period) produced lateral female and bisexual strobili at the lower part of new shoots. The numbers of lateral female and bisexual strobili were 87 out of 147 to 234 out of 162 new shoots. Frequency of BAP application did not affect the numbers. Marked decrease in number of male strobili induced by BAP application at stages I and II was observed. In contrast, the number of new shoots was increased by the BAP application at the above stages. Treatment at stages III and IV did not affect significantly the number of male strobili and new shoots. These results indicate that BAP application at stage III specifically induces the development of lateral female and bisexual strobili in Japanese red pine.

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“…Benzlaminopurine (BA) is a synthetic cytokinin with a structure resembling adenine (Kong et al 2004). Benzlaminopurine treatments were shown to increase flower and cone production in Japanese red pine and Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) (Wakushima et al 1996(Wakushima et al , 1997Wakushima 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of gibberellin A4/7, 6-benzylaminopurine and chlormequat chloride on the number of male and female strobili and immature cones in Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) with foliar sprays

Zhao

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2011

Journal of Forestry Research

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Lateral Female Strobili Production in a Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densifloraSieb. et Zucc.) Clone by Exogenous Cytokinin Application

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Developmental basis for flower sex determination and effects of cytokinin on sex determination in Plukenetia volubilis (Euphorbiaceae)

Developmental basis for flower sex determination and effects of cytokinin on sex determination in Plukenetia volubilis (Euphorbiaceae)

Promotion of Lateral Female Strobili Production inPinus densifloraby Cytokinin Application at a Specific Stage

Effects of gibberellin A4/7, 6-benzylaminopurine and chlormequat chloride on the number of male and female strobili and immature cones in Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) with foliar sprays

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