Lateral entorhinal cortex is critical for novel object‐context recognition

Wilson, D.I.; Langston, Rosamund F.; Schlesiger, Magdalene I.; Wagner, Monica; Watanabe, Sakurako; Ainge, James A.

doi:10.1002/hipo.22095

Cited by 192 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…A recent study has shown that the novel object recognition task depends on the function of the entorhinal cortex. 71 Although we did not observe any overt neuronal loss or dendritic damage in either the ipsi-or contralateral entorhinal cortex (data not shown), we cannot rule out any influences guanabenz treatment may have had on the function of these neurons in the absence of observable neuroprotection.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 60%

Inhibition of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Alpha Phosphatase Reduces Tissue Damage and Improves Learning and Memory after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Dash

Hylin

Hood

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurotrauma

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Patients who survive traumatic brain injury (TBI) are often faced with persistent memory deficits. The hippocampus, a structure critical for learning and memory, is vulnerable to TBI and its dysfunction has been linked to memory impairments. Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase regulates protein synthesis (by phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha [eIF2a]) in response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors, such as increases in calcium levels, oxidative damage, and energy/glucose depletion, all of which have been implicated in TBI pathophysiology. Exposure of cells to guanabenz has been shown to increase eIF2a phosphorylation and reduce ER stress. Using a rodent model of TBI, we present experimental results that indicate that postinjury administration of 5.0 mg/kg of guanabenz reduced cortical contusion volume and decreased hippocampal cell damage. Moreover, guanabenz treatment attenuated TBI-associated motor, vestibulomotor, recognition memory, and spatial learning and memory dysfunction. Interestingly, when the initiation of treatment was delayed by 24 h, or the dose reduced to 0.5 mg/kg, some of these beneficial effects were still observed. Taken together, these findings further support the involvement of ER stress signaling in TBI pathophysiology and indicate that guanabenz may have translational utility.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 60%

Inhibition of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Alpha Phosphatase Reduces Tissue Damage and Improves Learning and Memory after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Dash

Hylin

Hood

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurotrauma

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, recent results show that (unsurprisingly) reality is more complex than the simple model. Although MEC lesions impair spatial learning [36][37][38], the primary difficulty with the simple model is the increasing evidence that the LEC subserves both spatial and non-spatial processing. Van Cauter et al [37] and Wilson et al [38] have shown that LEC lesions do not affect recognition memory for objects per se, but they have a profound impact when animals have to recognize displaced objects or specific objects placed into specific spatial contexts.…”

Section: Complications With the Simple 'What Versusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional correlates of the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex: objects, path integration and local–global reference frames

Knierim

Neunuebel

Deshmukh

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

366

357

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The hippocampus receives its major cortical input from the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC). It is commonly believed that the MEC provides spatial input to the hippocampus, whereas the LEC provides non-spatial input. We review new data which suggest that this simple dichotomy between ‘where’ versus ‘what’ needs revision. We propose a refinement of this model, which is more complex than the simple spatial–non-spatial dichotomy. MEC is proposed to be involved in path integration computations based on a global frame of reference, primarily using internally generated, self-motion cues and external input about environmental boundaries and scenes; it provides the hippocampus with a coordinate system that underlies the spatial context of an experience. LEC is proposed to process information about individual items and locations based on a local frame of reference, primarily using external sensory input; it provides the hippocampus with information about the content of an experience.

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“…Furthermore, rats with LEC lesions showed stronger deficits in object novelty detection than rats with MEC lesions, while rats with MEC lesions showed stronger deficits in novel context detection than rats with LEC lesions. Wilson et al (2013) used expression of an immediate early gene, c-fos, to measure the number of cells in LEC that were active during an object-context recognition task. A larger proportion of neurons in LEC were active in the object-context recognition task, as compared to tasks involving either objects in multiple contexts or objects in a single context.…”

Section: Lesion Studies Are Consistent With Partial Segregation Of "Wmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Nonspatial Representations in the Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

Deshmukh

2014

Space,Time and Memory in the Hippocampal Formation

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The hippocampus is thought to function as a "cognitive map," which stores nonspatial information such as items and events in a spatial framework. In order to understand the computations involved in creating such conjunctive nonspatial + spatial representations, it is essential to understand the function of hippocampal inputs. Medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is known to convey spatial information to the hippocampus. In this chapter, we discuss recent evidence showing that lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) conveys both spatial and nonspatial information to the hippocampus, in the presence of objects. Perirhinal cortex (PRC), a major cortical input to LEC, encodes nonspatial, object-related information, but does not encode spatial information in the presence of objects. Thus, the landmark-derived spatial information arises de novo in LEC. The classical dual-pathway model, in which LEC encodes nonspatial information while MEC encodes spatial information, cannot account for LEC spatial representation in the presence of objects. We propose that the functional difference between LEC and MEC is better understood in terms of the different inputs they use to create their representations: LEC generates spatial as well as nonspatial representations by processing external sensory inputs in contrast to MEC, which generates spatial representations by processing internally based path integration information.

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Lateral entorhinal cortex is critical for novel object‐context recognition

Cited by 192 publications

References 69 publications

Inhibition of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Alpha Phosphatase Reduces Tissue Damage and Improves Learning and Memory after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Inhibition of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 Alpha Phosphatase Reduces Tissue Damage and Improves Learning and Memory after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Functional correlates of the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex: objects, path integration and local–global reference frames

Spatial and Nonspatial Representations in the Lateral Entorhinal Cortex

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