Later Mesozoic flora from Maran, Pahang, West Malaysia. Part 1: Geologic considerations

Smiley, Charles J.

doi:10.7186/bgsm03197007

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…In Asian paleoequatorial areas, pre‐Albian floras are like those of Northern Gondwana in their nonangiospermous dominants (Smiley, ,; Li & Liu, ; Racey & Goodall, ). In South China, Clavatipollenites and tricolpates have been reported from presumed pre‐Albian beds, plus tricolpates and tricolporates from the Albian–early Cenomanian (Li & Liu, ), but age control is poor.…”

Section: Patterns In the Cretaceous Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?

2019

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Summary The timing of the origin of angiosperms is a hotly debated topic in plant evolution. Molecular dating analyses that consistently retrieve pre‐Cretaceous ages for crown‐group angiosperms have eroded confidence in the fossil record, which indicates a radiation and possibly also origin in the Early Cretaceous. Here, we evaluate paleobotanical evidence on the age of the angiosperms, showing how fossils provide crucial data for clarifying the situation. Pollen floras document a Northern Gondwanan appearance of monosulcate angiosperms in the Valanginian and subsequent poleward spread of monosulcates and tricolpate eudicots, accelerating in the Albian. The sequence of pollen types agrees with molecular phylogenetic inferences on the course of pollen evolution, but it conflicts strongly with Triassic and early Jurassic molecular ages, and the discrepancy is difficult to explain by geographic or taphonomic biases. Critical scrutiny shows that supposed pre‐Cretaceous angiosperms either represent other plant groups or lack features that might confidently assign them to the angiosperms. However, the record may allow the Late Jurassic existence of ecologically restricted angiosperms, like those seen in the basal ANITA grade. Finally, we examine recently recognized biases in molecular dating and argue that a thoughtful integration of fossil and molecular evidence could help resolve these conflicts.

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Section: Patterns In the Cretaceous Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?

2019

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“…Based on pollen (Gleichenoides gagauensis) the Tembeling Group was placed in the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (Khoo, 1983). Smiley (1970) 1994). .…”

Section: Stratigraphy Of the Tembeling Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonics of deformed and undeformed Jurassic-Cretaceous strata of Peninsular Malaysia

Tjia¹

1996

BGSM

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The Jurassic-Cretaceous (JK) strata in Peninsular Malaysia occur as folded sequences (Tembeling Group, Koh Formation, Bertangga Sandstone) but also as undeformed, slightly tilted strata (Gagau Group, Ulu Endau Formation, Panti Sandstone). In recent years, some workers have claimed that the middle-upper Triassic strata (Semantan Formation, Gemas Formation) exhibit structural styles similar to the folded JK strata. This led them to suggest that the upper Triassic-lower Jurassic Titiwangsa granitoid complex resulted from anorogenic emplacement, and that the latest major deformation in the peninsula was of Cretaceous-Tertiary age. This hypothesis does not explain: (1) the regional extent oflate Triassic to early Jurassic granitoids throughout continental Southeast Asia and Sundaland; (2) the occurrence of deformed strata adjacent to some of the granitoid bodies; (3) sharply bounded, thin thermal aureoles consisting of cross-cutting contacts with country rock; (4) the absence of regional cleavage in the JK strata in contrast with its presence in the older Triassic rocks. A study of good quality, remotely-sensed images covering Peninsular Malaysia has resulted in the following conclusions: (a) the JK Tembeling Koh, and Bertangga Sandstone sequences were laid down in pull-apart depressions; (b) these depressions were developed through dextral slip motions on its major, bounding faults that trend north-south; (c) after the depressions were filled, dextral strike-slip motions continued in a transpressive regime which caused the sediment fill to be deformed into NNW-striking drag folds [These strike-slip movements persisted until middle Eocene as reset ages of cataclastics from major fault zones of the peninsula seemed to indicate]; (d) the JK-strata (Gagau, Panti Sandstone) outside the influence of renewed fault movements remained essentially undisturbed; (e) the structural style of the JK-strata is favourable for the entrapment of hydrocarbons, if source material is present. This study further reestablishes the widely accepted concept that during late Triassic-early Jurassic time, Southeast Asia experienced strong tectonic deformation that was accompanied by the emplacement of the Titiwangsa and coeval granitoid complexes. Malaysia, Bangi (unpublished).

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“…The silicified wood is also that of the conifer plant, Araucarioxylon telentangensis Idris. Ko'ono (1967, 1968 and Smiley (1970) assigned F. malaiana to the Upper Jurassic -Lower Cretaceous age. Idris (1990) suggested that the minimum age of A. telentangensis is late Triassic.…”

Section: Paleontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant fossils and some geological aspects of the Ulu Endau Area, Johore-Pahang

Idris¹,

Berhad²,

Munawir³

et al. 1992

BGSM

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Three main rock types are found in the Rompin-Endau area. These are volcanics, igneous intrusives and sedimentary sequences. Metamorphic rocks occur only at Gunung I.esong. The volcanic rocks are referred to as the Jasin volcanics and represent the oldest rocks of the area, prollably of Mid-Permian to Triassic age. Some of these rhyolites are also mylonitised. A granite batholith found on the western flank of the area can be termed a biotite-adamellite granite. This granite pluton which has intruded the volcanic rocks, is similar to those found in other parts of the mu Endau area and has been dated to be of Late Triassic Age.On the eastern plateau, sedimentary sequences of sandstone, shale, siltstone and mudstone overly the volcanics. A similar sequence of sediment is seen capping the granite hill 1448 on the western side, forming a mesa. These sediments are referred to as the Tebak Formation which is of continental origin and exhibits subhorizontal dips. Plant fossils were recorded from light grey mudstone beds in the tributaries of Sungai Telentang, and a boulder of silicified wood was found in Sungai Anak Seladang on the western flank of Sungai Kinchin. The plant fossil has been identified as Frenelopsis malaina Ko'ono, which is a foliage of a conifer plant, giving an age of Upper Jurassic -Lower Cretaceous. The silicified wood is also that of a conifer plant Araucarioxylon telentangensis Idris with a minimum age Late Triassic. A major fault trending 345-350· runs along Sungai Kinchin.

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Later Mesozoic flora from Maran, Pahang, West Malaysia. Part 1: Geologic considerations

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?

How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?

Tectonics of deformed and undeformed Jurassic-Cretaceous strata of Peninsular Malaysia

Plant fossils and some geological aspects of the Ulu Endau Area, Johore-Pahang

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