Later Life Impacts of Social Participation on Parents of Adult Offspring With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Abstract

Social participation is an important resource for parents in old age, and may be particularly important for parents living with adult offspring with intellectual and developmental disabilities. To evaluate whether socializing with friends and family and participating in social organizations protects against depression in old age, this study examined parents of adult offspring with disabilities ( n = 164) and without disabilities ( n = 820). As expected, more socializing with friends and more participating in organizations were associated with fewer depressive symptoms for all parents. However, socializing with family members predicted fewer depressive symptoms only for parents co-residing with their adult offspring with disabilities, suggesting that socializing with family is particularly important for parents providing direct care to adults with disabilities.

Parental Satisfaction with Caregiving across the Life Span to Their Children with Developmental Disabilities: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran

“…However, the contribution of fathers may be especially pertinent in certain cultures, particularly in patriarchal societies. Previous research suggests that fathers of children are similarly affected [12] although not to the same extent as mothers which might be due to the fact that fathers of this group of children are rarely included in research on the impact of caregiving [13]. However, an Iranian study found that mothers had poorer health and wellbeing than fathers, although they did not differ in terms of stress and satisfaction with caregiving [14].…”