Latent Viruses in Chimpanzees with Experimental Kuru

Rogers, Nancy G.; Basnight, M.; Gibbs, Clarence J.; Gajdusek, D. C.

doi:10.1038/216446a0

Cited by 99 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The two genotypes differ in a central region nearly corresponding to the one described in our study. SFV strains from macaques and chimpanzees also segregate into two serotypes as defined by neutralization assays with immune plasma or sera: serotypes 1 and 2 for macaques (69) and serotypes 6 and 7 for chimpanzees (52,70,71). We show here two cases in which strains belonging to different serotypes belong to distinct genetic subgroups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Cocirculation of Two env Molecular Variants, of Possible Recombinant Origin, in Gorilla and Chimpanzee Simian Foamy Virus Strains from Central Africa

Richard

Rua

Betsem

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Simian foamy virus (SFV) is a ubiquitous retrovirus in nonhuman primates (NHPs) that can be transmitted to humans, mostly through severe bites. In the past few years, our laboratory has identified more than 50 hunters from central Africa infected with zoonotic SFVs. Analysis of the complete sequences of five SFVs obtained from these individuals revealed that env was the most variable gene. Furthermore, recombinant SFV strains, some of which involve sequences in the env gene, were recently identified. Here, we investigated the variability of the env genes of zoonotic SFV strains and searched for possible recombinants. We sequenced the complete env gene or its surface glycoprotein region (SU) from DNA amplified from the blood of (i) a series of 40 individuals from Cameroon or Gabon infected with a gorilla or chimpanzee foamy virus (FV) strain and (ii) 1 gorilla and 3 infected chimpanzees living in the same areas as these hunters. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the existence of two env variants among both the gorilla and chimpanzee FV strains that were present in zoonotic and NHP strains. These variants differ greatly (>30% variability) in a 753-bp-long region located in the receptor-binding domain of SU, whereas the rest of the gene is very conserved. Although the organizations of the Env protein sequences are similar, the potential glycosylation patterns differ between variants. Analysis of recombination suggests that the variants emerged through recombination between different strains, although all parental strains could not be identified. IMPORTANCESFV infection in humans is a great example of a zoonotic retroviral infection that has not spread among human populations, in contrast to human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) and human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs). Recombination was a major mechanism leading to the emergence of HIV. Here, we show that two SFV molecular envelope gene variants circulate among ape populations in Central Africa and that both can be transmitted to humans. These variants differ greatly in the SU region that corresponds to the part of the Env protein in contact with the environment. These variants may have emerged through recombination between SFV strains infecting different NHP species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Cocirculation of Two env Molecular Variants, of Possible Recombinant Origin, in Gorilla and Chimpanzee Simian Foamy Virus Strains from Central Africa

Richard

Rua

Betsem

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…Rogers et al [1967] and Basnight et al [1971], who re covered CV23, 32, and 33 from lymphoid tissue of chimpanzees, did not find a relation to HAV4 and only a slight SN of CV23 by CV33 antiserum. These authors, however, did not test ChAV antisera in SN against HAV; hence the subtle relation of these vi ruses to HAV4 was not detected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The describers of these strains [Rogers et al, 1967, Basnight et ah, 1971 did not notice the relatedness of these strains to HAV4 and only a slight relatedness between them (CV33 antiserum neutralized CV23 with 1/16 of homologous titer). Hence, we compared the three strain pairs from different sources by SN and by DNA restriction analysis.…”

Section: Strain Comparison O F Cv23 32 and 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimpanzee Adenoviruses Are Related to Four Subgenera of Human Adenoviruses

Wigand¹,

Mauss²,

Adrian³

1989

Intervirology

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Nine adenovirus strains isolated from chimpanzees were studied with regard to their relatedness to each other and to human adenovirus prototypes by neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition. The strains belonged to six serotypes, and all of them were clearly related to, but not identical to human adenoviruses of subgenus A, B, C, or E respectively. DNA restriction analysis corroborated these relationships.

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“…To this end, we focused on chimpanzee Adenoviruses (ChAd) for a number of reasons: i) previous experience in the isolation of infectious agents from chimpanzees led to the identification of ChAd strains (18)(19)(20)(21); ii) the large biodiversity within the genus Pan would predict that there are several different ChAd strains circulating in chimpanzees; iii) the evolutionary relatedness between humans and chimpanzees should allow for functional complementation and growth of E1-deleted replication-defective ChAd in the available packaging human cell lines (HEK293 and PER.C6); iv) the available data on the few simian-derived Ad known indicate that these viruses are rarely neutralised by human sera (22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Isolation Of Ad Vectors From Chimpanzeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple Species

Colloca¹,

Barnes

Folgori³

et al. 2012

Sci. Transl. Med.

262

308

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Replication defective Adenovirus vectors based on the human serotype 5 (Ad5) have been shown to induce protective immune responses against diverse pathogens and cancer in animal models and to elicit robust and sustained cellular immunity in humans. However, most humans have anti-Ad5 neutralising antibodies that can impair the immunological potency of such vaccines. Here we show that most other human Adenoviruses from rare serotypes are far less potent as vaccine vectors than Ad5 in mice and non-human primates, casting doubt on their potential efficacy in humans. To identify novel vaccine carriers suitable for vaccine delivery in humans we isolated and sequenced over a thousand Adenovirus strains from chimpanzees (ChAd). Replication-defective vectors were generated from different ChAd serotypes and were screened for neutralization by human sera and for ability to grow in human cell lines already approved for clinical studies. Most importantly, we devised a screening strategy to rank the ChAd vectors by immunological potency in mice which predicts their immunogenicity in non-human primates and humans. The vectors studied varied by up to a thousand-fold in potency for CD8 T cell induction in mice. Two of the Europe PMC Funders Group

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Latent Viruses in Chimpanzees with Experimental Kuru

Cited by 99 publications

References 14 publications

Cocirculation of Two env Molecular Variants, of Possible Recombinant Origin, in Gorilla and Chimpanzee Simian Foamy Virus Strains from Central Africa

Cocirculation of Two env Molecular Variants, of Possible Recombinant Origin, in Gorilla and Chimpanzee Simian Foamy Virus Strains from Central Africa

Chimpanzee Adenoviruses Are Related to Four Subgenera of Human Adenoviruses

Vaccine Vectors Derived from a Large Collection of Simian Adenoviruses Induce Potent Cellular Immunity Across Multiple Species

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