Latent Variable Growth Models for Research on Aging

McArdle, John J.; Anderson, Edward G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-101280-9.50008-5

Cited by 145 publications

(150 citation statements)

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“…As reported earlier, we used limited longitudinal information (longitudinal observation intervals averaged 1.98 years, with a median of 0.18 years 1 ) to estimate the structural dynamics of an age period spanning 34 years. Hence, the analyses relied heavily on cross-sectional information in the estimation of a longitudinal process (Bell, 1953(Bell, , 1954Duncan, Duncan, & Hops, 1996;Ghisletta & McArdle, 2001;McArdle & Anderson, 1990). In theory, and as shown in Equations 6 and 7, mean cross-sectional changes could provide a nonrejectable, underidentified solution for dynamic parameters at the population level.…”

Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Based Structural Dynamics Between Perceptual Speed and Knowledge in the Berlin Aging Study: Direct Evidence for Ability Dedifferentiation in Old Age.

Ghisletta

Lindenberger

2003

Psychology and Aging

158

159

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According to 2-component theories of intelligence, negative cross-sectional age gradients in mechanic (broad Gf) and pragmatic (broad Gc) cognitive components reflect the increasing constraining of the former in the expression and integrity of the latter component. The authors examined this widely held but untested assumption by applying a recently proposed dynamic structural modeling technique, the bivariate dual change score model, to longitudinal data from the Berlin Aging Study (N ϭ 516, age range ϭ 70 -103 years). Mechanics and pragmatics were indexed by perceptual speed and knowledge, respectively. As hypothesized, results indicated that changes in knowledge are dominated by perceptual speed and offered strong support for the notion of "mechanization" of pragmatic abilities in old and very old age.

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Section: Methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Based Structural Dynamics Between Perceptual Speed and Knowledge in the Berlin Aging Study: Direct Evidence for Ability Dedifferentiation in Old Age.

Ghisletta

Lindenberger

2003

Psychology and Aging

158

159

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“…Singer, Willett, & Martin, 1998) as well as free curve slope intercept (FCSI) models (e.g. McArdle & Anderson, 1990;Ram & Grimm, 2007). In addition, various growth curve models based on confirmatory factor models (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Developmental models for children's temperament: alternatives to chronometric polynomial curves

Wood¹

2011

Inf. Child Develop.

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Partridge and Lerner (2007), in a secondary analysis of the New York Longitudinal Study, employed a chronometric polynomial growth curve model to argue that the developmental course of difficult temperament follows a non-linear trajectory over the first 5 years of life. The free curve slope intercept (FCSI) growth curve model of Meredith and Tisak (1990) is presented as a preferable conceptual alternative because it contains a number of currently popular statistical models, including repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance, factor mean, linear growth, linear factor analysis, and hierarchical linear models as special cases. As such, researchers can compare the fit of each of these models relative to the FCSI model, and, at times, to each other. The present paper conducts a re-analysis of the data, and establishes that fit of the FCSI model is arguably better than other statistical alternatives. The FCSI model is also used as the basis for identifying subgroups of individuals with their qualitatively distinct growth patterns within a growth mixture modeling framework. Copyright r 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key words: temperament; longitudinal data; growth curves; structural equation modeling; growth mixture models; MANOVA Partridge and Lerner (2007) considered whether difficult temperament is relatively stable or undergoes significant change over the course of early childhood. In a longitudinal study of annual assessments across years 1-5, they explored whether inter-individual differences in difficult temperament appeared largely stable or whether individual differences in change occurred during this time. Given that fluctuation in temperament scores occurs across repeated measurements, their article examined whether observed changes in scores over

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“…In the context of a longitudinal study with repeated observations, the effects attributed to age might be contaminated with retest effects (Donaldson & Horn, 1992;Hertzog & Nesselroade, 2003). Several articles have illustrated this issue and the need to model separate effects for age and retest (Ferrer, Salthouse, Stewart, & Schwartz, 2004; Lövdén, Ghisletta, & Lindenberger, 2004;McArdle & Anderson, 1990; McArdle, FerrerCaja, Hamagami, & Woodcock, 2002;McArdle & Woodcock, 1997; Rabbitt, Diggle, Holland, & McInnes, 2004; Rabbitt, Diggle, Smith, Holland, & McInnes, 2001;Salthouse, Schroeder, & Ferrer, 2004;Wilson et al, 2002 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate Modeling of Age and Retest in Longitudinal Studies of Cognitive Abilities.

Ferrer

Salthouse

McArdle

et al. 2005

Psychology and Aging

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Longitudinal multivariate mixed models were used to examine the correlates of change between memory and processing speed and the contribution of age and retest to such change correlates. Various age-and occasion-mixed models were fitted to 2 longitudinal data sets of adult individuals (N > 1,200). For both data sets, the results indicated that the correlation between the age slopes of memory and processing speed decreased when retest effects were included in the model. If retest effects existed in the data but were not modeled, the correlation between the age slopes was positively biased. The authors suggest that although the changes in memory and processing speed may be correlated over time, age alone does not capture such a covariation.Keywords multivariate models of change; longitudinal methodology; multivariate latent growth curves; practice effects Practice effects are one source of possible confounding effects in longitudinal studies. Individuals who repeat a test may perform better merely as a result of the influence from the previous assessment. In the context of a longitudinal study with repeated observations, the effects attributed to age might be contaminated with retest effects (Donaldson & Horn, 1992;Hertzog & Nesselroade, 2003). Several articles have illustrated this issue and the need to model separate effects for age and retest (Ferrer, Salthouse, Stewart, & Schwartz, 2004; Lövdén, Ghisletta, & Lindenberger, 2004;McArdle & Anderson, 1990; McArdle, FerrerCaja, Hamagami, & Woodcock, 2002;McArdle & Woodcock, 1997; Rabbitt, Diggle, Holland, & McInnes, 2004; Rabbitt, Diggle, Smith, Holland, & McInnes, 2001;Salthouse, Schroeder, & Ferrer, 2004;Wilson et al., 2002 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript indicate that both age and retest should be modeled simultaneously when examining change of cognitive abilities over time. When practice effects exist as a result of repeated assessments, ignoring the retest component underestimates the negative age effects, with larger bias for stronger retest effects. In this study, we extend this work to multivariate analyses. We argue that similar bias existing in univariate studies may occur in multivariate analyses that focus on correlates of change. Such correlates of change have age and retest components, and both need to be modeled separately to identify their own contribution to the change correlation.One essential question in current research in cognitive aging is the extent to which various cognitive domains change in a parallel way. Researchers are interested in examining whether cognitive abilities covary over age or whether they change independently as a function of different underlying mechanisms (e.g., Deary, 2001). A large number of crosssectional studies have examined this question by comparing age-related variance in various cognitive abilities and then estimating the shared part of the variance (Baltes & Lindenberger, 1997;Lindenberger & Baltes, 1994;Rabbitt, 1993;Salthouse & Ferrer-Caja, 2003). In genera...

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Latent Variable Growth Models for Research on Aging

Cited by 145 publications

References 34 publications

Age-Based Structural Dynamics Between Perceptual Speed and Knowledge in the Berlin Aging Study: Direct Evidence for Ability Dedifferentiation in Old Age.

Age-Based Structural Dynamics Between Perceptual Speed and Knowledge in the Berlin Aging Study: Direct Evidence for Ability Dedifferentiation in Old Age.

Developmental models for children's temperament: alternatives to chronometric polynomial curves

Multivariate Modeling of Age and Retest in Longitudinal Studies of Cognitive Abilities.

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