Latent structure and construct validity of the reinforcement sensitivity questionnaire

Abstract

The Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory contains three basic systems: Behavioral inhibition system (BAS), Behavioral activation system (BIS) and the Fight/ Flight/ Freeze (FFF) system. In this model, BIS is a system for detection of potential conflict or threat, and FFFS differs three basic patterns of reaction to actual or perceived danger. In Study 1, which was aimed at the examination of the latent structure of the RSQ, was conducted on a sample of 472 participants of both genders. The best - fitting model suggests that, at the top level of hierarchy, three dimensions exist, which are analogous to the BIS, BAS and FFF. The last dimension contains three subordinate dimensions, which represent the subsystems of the FFF. Study 2, in which 203 subjects participated, was aimed at examination of the relations between the dimensions of the Revised reinforcement sensitivity theory and dimensions of the PEN model. Confirmatory factor analyses of the RSQ and EPQ-R dimensions revealed that the best-fitting model comprised three latent dimensions, the first one being analogous to the BIS - Neuroticism, the second one to the BAS - Extraversion, and the third to the Aggressiveness- Psychoticism. The structure of the latent dimensions is in accordance with the expectations. The results state that fear and anxiety (which neurophysiological distinction is emphasized by Gray), are substantively similar on the behavioral level. Also, the results suggest that the Freeze dimension is probably closer to the BIS system than to the FFF

Fear and Anxiety in Social Setting

“…BAS is responsible for activation of behavior elicited by incentives; BIS is related to avoidance of conditioned aversive stimuli; while FFS is related to avoidance of unconditioned aversive stimuli. BIS and BAS are related to anxiety and impulsivity (Gray, 1981; Pickering, Corr, & Gray, 1999), while FFS is related to aggressiveness (Mitrović, Smederevac, & Čolović, 2008). In the revised model (Gray & McNaughton, 2000), the systems were modified: the expanded Fight-Flight-Freeze System (FFFS) is now responsive to all punishing and threatening stimuli; whereas the BIS is now sensitive to goal conflict (of all kinds) – it is engaged in direction of attention to conflicting stimuli, and has the task of attempting to resolve conflict by inhibiting ongoing action and biasing action toward the FFFS to facilitate defensive behavior (Gray & McNaughton, 2000).…”

Prediktori Navijačkog Identiteta: Demografski Pokazatelji, Dimenzije Revidiranog Grayovog Modela I Kognicije O Nasilju

“…Sistem bihejvioralne inhibicije (BIS) predstavlja averzivni motivacioni sistem (Carver & White, 1994) i odgovara dimenziji anksioznosti (Smederevac i Mitrović, 2005). Osetljiv je na signale kazne, izostajanje nagrade i novinu.…”

“…Sistem bihejvioralne aktivacije (BAS) kontroliše apetitivnu motivaciju i odgovara dimenziji impulsivnosti (Smederevac i Mitrović, 2005). Ovaj sistem je osetljiv na signale nagrade i izostajanja kazne.…”