Latent profile analysis of walking, sitting, grip strength, and perceived body shape and their association with mental health in older Korean adults with hypertension

Abstract

Evidence suggests that mental health is associated with multiple factors such as physical activity, sedentary behavior, and physical function in older adults. The present study used latent profile analysis to identify classes of older adults based on their health profile among a representative sample of Korean older adults with hypertension. Differences in mental health between these classes were also examined.Seven hundred and sixty seven participants (mean age = 70.23, SD = 6.08; men 45.6%) were included in the analysis.There were 3 latent classes (class 1: a physically inactive lifestyle with low physical function and body perception; class 2: a physically moderate lifestyle with moderate physical function and low body perception; class 3: a physically active lifestyle with high physical function and body perception). According to class comparisons, older adults in class 3 had significantly lower anxiety/depression levels than classes 1 and 2. Older adults in class 3 had significantly lower stress levels than class 1.It is possible that among older adults, having a positive attitude of one's body shape may also be important for improving anxiety/depression along with having a physically active lifestyle and maintaining physical function.

Association between Reallocation Behaviors and Subjective Health and Stress in South Korean Adults: An Isotemporal Substitution Model

“…Furthermore, participating in self-reported MVPA and LPA were associated with less stress in adults [9]. In contrast, increased sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with elevated likelihood of all-cause mortality [10] and stress [11], although the association is not always consistent [8].…”

“…This connection between PA and health has led to a range of research aimed at improving PA participation and reducing SB, especially because the modern lifestyle is highly sedentary [12]. For example, from 2014 to 2016, MVPA rate decreased in South Korean men (62-53%) and women (55-46%) [6], indicating that individuals spend the majority of their time in SB [11], despite encouragements to meet a set MVPA guideline (150 min/week). Thus, public recommendations of increasing MVPA do not seem to be effective, and another approach might be necessary.…”

Health profiles and socioeconomic characteristics of nonagenarians residing in Mugello, a rural area in Tuscany (Italy)

“…Cognitive function was measured according to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE): the higher the score (0-30), the better the cognitive status is [35]. MMSE scores were divided into three categories to distinguish people with severe (0-17), mild (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23), and no cognitive impairment (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) [36]. Functional status was assessed according to the ability to perform five of the activities of daily living (ADLs) (eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, transferring) [37].…”

“…LCA is a subset of structural equation modeling suitable for addressing multidimensional concepts, as in the case of health, to find groups of cases with similar characteristics in multivariate categorical data. The use of LCA in population health studies is extensive, with applications that vary from younger [15] to older individuals and elderly people [12][13][14][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Some scholars used this approach to identify profiles of health by considering functional, cognitive and psychological indicators [12-14, 16, 17, 22], with some evaluating socioeconomic differences among the health profiles [12,13,17,22] and others predicting the health care expenditures of people belonging to different groups [14,16].…”

“…Some scholars used this approach to identify profiles of health by considering functional, cognitive and psychological indicators [ 12 – 14 , 16 , 17 , 22 ], with some evaluating socioeconomic differences among the health profiles [ 12 , 13 , 17 , 22 ] and others predicting the health care expenditures of people belonging to different groups [ 14 , 16 ]. Other researchers have applied a person-centered approach to identify profiles within a single aspect of health, such as morbidities [ 15 , 19 , 25 ], physical status [ 21 ], and depression [ 20 ], by considering several outcomes of the same health dimension. According to the existing literature, LCA could be used to identify groups of individuals requiring specific forms of health care and to predict their health care needs and expenditures.…”