Latent inhibition of the GSR conditioned to words

Maltzman, Irving; Raskin, David C.; Wolff, Craig

doi:10.3758/bf03332908

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Such theories generally attribute latent inhibition to "attentional deficits" resulting from preexposure to the CS, that is, to the CS losing either "salience" or "associability" through a process resembling habituation (Lubow, Schnur, & Rifkin, 1976;Mackintosh, 1975;Maltzman, Raskin, & Wolff, 1979;Rescorla & Wagner, 1972). The conditioned attention theory of Lubow et al, which basically states that the "attentional response" elicited by the first CS presentation is maintained by the US and, conversely, is lost by nonreinforced CS preexposure, is not inconsistent with the present HR results if it is assumed, as suggested by others (e.g., Maltzman et aI., 1979), that this response is in fact an OR that eventually displays characteristic habituation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CS preexposure: Latent inhibition and Pavlovian conditioning of heart rate and eyeblink responses as a function of sex and CS intensity in rabbits

Hernández

Buchanan

Powell

1981

Animal Learning & Behavior

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Male and female rabbits received Pavlovian conditioning in which a 1,216 o H z tone served as the CS and a 3 0 m A paraorbital electric shock train served as the US. Eyeblink (EB) and heart rate (HR) CRs were assessed. Half of the animals received prior exposure to the CS, while half were restrained in the chamber for a similar length of time but did not receive prior CS exposure. Different groups of each sex received three different CS intensities including 60,75, and 90 dB (SPL) during both preexposure and conditioning. The results revealed that latent inhibition of the EB CR occurred only at the intermediate CS intensity, as indicated by a significant impairment of EB conditioning in this group. However, the magnitude of the decelerative HR CR was attenuated by prior CS exposure at all three CS intensities. Females showed faster EB conditioning than males, but latent inhibition occurred in both sexes. These results suggest that somatomotor and autonomic systems are affected differently by prior CS exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CS preexposure: Latent inhibition and Pavlovian conditioning of heart rate and eyeblink responses as a function of sex and CS intensity in rabbits

Hernández

Buchanan

Powell

1981

Animal Learning & Behavior

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“…One of them failed to detect retardation of learning after to-be-CS preexposure (Zeiner, 1970), three discovered a retardation but only during the initial trials of acquisition (Bjorkstrand, 1990;Booth, Siddle, & Bond, 1989;Siddle, Remington, & Churchill, 1985), and one detected facilitation of conditioning after to-be-CS preexposure (Silver, 1973). The retardation of learning reported in the remaining three studies (Brandeis, 1974;Maltzman, Raskin, & Wolff, 1979;Surwit & Poser, 1974) is difficult to interpret because of shortcomings in design or procedure. In comparison to the clear-cut results in animal research, this pattern of results is not convincing.…”

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confidence: 96%

Latent inhibition in humans: Single-cue conditioning revisited.

Lipp¹,

Siddle²,

Vaitl³

1992

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes

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Latent inhibition in human Pavlovian conditioning was assessed by way of autonomic responses. In Experiment 1 (N = 72), three pairs of conditioning and control groups were preexposed to 0, 10, or 20 to-be-conditioned stimuli (to-be-CSs), respectively. Acquisition of electrodermal firstinterval and heart rate response conditioning were detectable only in the zero preexposure condition. However, 20 preexposures were needed for latent inhibition of vasomotor response conditioning. In Experiment 2 (N = 48), preexposure to the to-be-CS was compared with preexposure to a stimulus that was not presented during subsequent acquisition. CS preexposure completely abolished electrodermal first-interval and heart rate response conditioning. Although vasomotor conditioning was not affected by preexposure, latent inhibition of second-interval electrodermal response conditioning was obtained. Taken together, the data from both experiments provide clear evidence for latent inhibition in human Pavlovian conditioning.

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“…However, the results of human conditioning studies have generally proven equivocal. While some studies have demonstrated an effect for pre-exposure on subsequent fear [ 32 - 34 ] other studies have failed to find this effect [ 35 , 36 ]. Siddle and Remington [ 37 ] reconcile these findings by arguing that much of the research that has failed to demonstrate latent inhibition effects has not used appropriate control procedures necessary to establish stimulus specific and associative effects for pre-exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding animal fears: a comparison of the cognitive vulnerability and harm-looming models

Armfield

2007

BMC Psychiatry

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Background: The Cognitive Vulnerability Model holds that both clinical and sub-clinical manifestations of animal fears are a result of how an animal is perceived, and can be used to explain both individual differences in fear acquisition and the uneven distribution of fears in the population. This study looked at the association between fear of a number of animals and perceptions of the animals as uncontrollable, unpredictable, dangerous and disgusting. Also assessed were the perceived loomingness, prior familiarity, and negative evaluation of the animals as well as possible conditioning experiences.

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Latent inhibition of the GSR conditioned to words

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

CS preexposure: Latent inhibition and Pavlovian conditioning of heart rate and eyeblink responses as a function of sex and CS intensity in rabbits

CS preexposure: Latent inhibition and Pavlovian conditioning of heart rate and eyeblink responses as a function of sex and CS intensity in rabbits

Latent inhibition in humans: Single-cue conditioning revisited.

Understanding animal fears: a comparison of the cognitive vulnerability and harm-looming models

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