Latent heat at the first order phase transition point of SU(3) gauge theory

Abstract

We calculate the energy gap (latent heat) and pressure gap between the hot and cold phases of the SU(3) gauge theory at the first order deconfining phase transition point. We perform simulations around the phase transition point with the lattice size in the temporal direction N t = 6, 8 and 12 and extrapolate the results to the continuum limit. We also investigate the spatial volume dependence. The energy density and pressure are evaluated by the derivative method with non-perturabative anisotropy coefficients. We adopt a multi-point reweighting method to determine the anisotropy coefficients. We confirm that the anisotropy coefficients approach the perturbative values as N t increases. We find that the pressure gap vanishes at all values of N t when the non-perturbative anisotropy coefficients are used. The spatial volume dependence in the latent heat is found to be small on large lattices. Performing extrapolation to the continuum limit, we obtain ∆ǫ/T 4 = 0.75 ± 0.17 and ∆(ǫ − 3p)/T 4 = 0.623 ± 0.056.

Equation of state for SU(3) gauge theory via the energy-momentum tensor under gradient flow

“…This extrapolation is taken by fitting the results with three different values of N τ with Eq. (24). To obtain the values of T µν (t, x) lat at the same t for different N τ , we apply the cubic spline interpolation to the data for each N τ .…”

“…Topological freezing of the data may also introduce extra 1% error to this result (see Appendix A 1 for more details). To determine T of a lattice in the unit of T c , we use the critical coupling after the infinite volume extrapolation β c = 6.33552(47) at N τ = 12 [24] and Eq. (21), which give w 0 T c = 0.25244 (17).…”

“…Numerical analyses are carried out with β = 6.287-7.500 corresponding to the lattice spacing a = 0.013-0.061 fm. The spatial (temporal) sizes are chosen to be Ns = 64, 96, 128 (Nτ = 12,16,20,22,24) with the aspect ratio, 5.33 ≤ Ns/Nτ ≤ 8. Double extrapolation, a → 0 (the continuum limit) followed by t → 0 (the zero flow-time limit), is taken using the numerical data.…”

Determination of latent heat at the finite temperature phase transition of SU(3) gauge theory

“…The details of our simulation parameters are given in Ref. [5]. The statistical errors are estimated by the jack-knife method.…”

Gravitational wave from dark sector with dark pion

“…In this work, we assume "non-runaway" bubbles expanding with velocities near the speed of sound c s = 0.577. [62] where the lattice simulation for the pure Yang-Mills theory has been performed. 6 When the vacuum energy released at the cosmological phase transition is adequately large, the velocity of bubble wall reaches to the speed of light (v b = 1).…”