Latency and Network Lifetime Trade-Off in Geographic Multicast Routing for Multi-Sink Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract

The deployment of multiple sinks in Wireless Sensor Networks may provide better reliability, timely communication and longevity, depending on the routing strategy. Moreover, geographic routing is a powerful strategy to avoid the costs related to maintaining high network knowledge. In this paper, we present a Geographic Multicast Routing solution (GeoM), focused on the latency and network lifetime trade-off. Our solution considers a linear combination of network metrics during the decision process of the next hop. Packets are forwarded to all sinks, and duplications are defined on the fly during the forwarding. The network lifetime is addressed with an energy balance strategy and a trade-off between progress and energy cost. We make use of the maximum energy consumption as an indication of the network lifetime. Simulation results show that GeoM has an overall better performance than the existing solutions, with improvements of approximately 11% for the average latency, and 54% for the maximum energy consumption.

Performance of Geographic Multicast Approach on a Real-life Platform

“…GeoM protocol was implemented and validated through simulations in [1]. A performance comparison was done with KanGuRou [16], another MS-WSN protocol capable of forwarding packets to all sinks.…”

“…As presented in [1], the number of works capable of forwarding packets to all sinks using either multicast or k-anycast communication schemes is limited. Most of the solutions in MS-WSN deal with the forwarding of data to one sink, using unicast or 1-anycast communication schemes.…”

“…The weighted metric calculation considers the process in equation (1). It is based on the euclidean distance between the neighbor node v i and the sink s j denoted by D(v i , s j ), the total consumed energy of the neighbor node v i denoted by C(v i ) and the energy cost for the transmission from the current node n to the neighbor node v i denoted by E(n, v i ).…”

“…Moreover, most of the existing works in MS-WSN are oriented to simulation as validation method. In this work we analyze the behavior of an existing multicast communication scheme, the routing protocol GeoM [1], on top of the FIT IoT-LAB testbed [2]. We proposed GeoM as a first multicast scheme designed to address all the objectives: reliability, timeliness and network lifetime optimizations.…”

Multicast Traffic Throughput Maximization through Joint Dynamic Modulation and Coding Schemes Assignment, and Transmission Power Control in Wireless Sensor Networks

“…[ 22 ] proposes both centralized and distributed algorithms for delay-bounded scheduling in duty-cycled WSNs, Ref. [ 23 ] focuses on the latency and network lifetime tradeoff, and [ 24 ] deals with an energy efficient, minimum-delay flooding in duty-cycled WSNs.…”