Late Triassic dinosaursfrom the western United States

Hunt, Adrian P.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Heckert, Andrew B.; Sullivan, Robert M.; Lockley, Martin G.

doi:10.1016/s0016-6995(98)80123-x

Cited by 65 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…(Squamata, Teiidae; 04AC), Caiman yacare (Crocodylia, Crocodylidae; 05AC, 06AC and 07AC) and Dendrocygna viduata (Aves, Anseriformes, Anatidae; 14AC). Data was also gathered from the literature for the following taxa: fossils and living Crurotarsi (Gregory and Camp 1918, Romer 1923c, Troxell 1925, Parrish 1987, Long and Murry 1995, Galton 2000, Schwarz and Salisbury 2005, Dinosauromorpha and basal dinosaurs, including Herrerasauridae (Novas 1992, 1993, Sereno and Arcucci 1993, 1994, Long and Murry 1995, Bonaparte 1996, Hunt et al 1998, Bonaparte et al 1999), non-avian Theropoda (Osborn 1905, 1916, Ostrom 1969, Brinkman and Sues 1987, Paul 1988, Colbert 1989, Barsbold and Osmólska 1990, Bonaparte et al 1990, Molnar et al 1990, Norman 1990, Raath 1990, Rowe and Gauthier 1990, Madsen 1993, Makovicky and Sues 1998, Sampson et al 1998, Norell and Makovicky 1999, Currie 2000, Carrano and Hutchinson 2002, Currie and Chen 2001, Ji et al 2003, Kobayashi and Lü 2003, Calvo et al 20...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic and hind limb musculature of Staurikosaurus pricei (Dinosauria: Saurischia)

Grillo¹,

Azevedo²

2011

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study of pelvic and hind limb bones and muscles in basal dinosaurs is important for understanding the early evolution of bipedal locomotion in the group. The use of data from both extant and extinct taxa placed into a phylogenetic context allowed to make well-supported inferences concerning most of the hind limb musculature of the basal saurischian Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970 (Santa Maria Formation, Late Triassic of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Two large concavities in the lateral surface of the ilium represent the origin of the muscles iliotrochantericus caudalis plus iliofemoralis externus (in the anterior concavity) and iliofibularis (in the posterior concavity). Muscle ambiens has only one head and originates from the pubic tubercle. The origin of puboischiofemoralis internus 1 possibly corresponds to a fossa in the ventral margin of the preacetabular iliac process. This could represent an intermediate stage prior to the origin of a true preacetabular fossa. Muscles caudofemorales longus et brevis were likely well developed, and Staurikosaurus is unique in bearing a posteriorly projected surface for the origin of caudofemoralis brevis.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pelvic and hind limb musculature of Staurikosaurus pricei (Dinosauria: Saurischia)

Grillo¹,

Azevedo²

2011

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It reached lengths of 2-3 m, and is mainly known from the incomplete skeleton of the holotype specimen, which preserves a partial vertebral column, pelvis, and hindlimbs. Clearly a saurischian , Chindesaurus has been included in the clade Herrerasauridae as a theropod (Long and Murry, 1995;Hunt, 1996;Novas, 1996;Hunt et al, 1998;Nesbitt et al, 2009b) and as a stem saurischian outside of the theropod+sauropodo-morph group (Langer, 2004;Irmis et al, 2007a). New material of Chindesaurus from the Hayden Quarry (Irmis et al, 2007a) may help clarify its ambiguous systematic position.…”

Section: Ambiguous Taxa: Eoraptor and Herrerasauridaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous records of Carnian theropods, such as the coelophysoid "Camposaurus" (Hunt et al, 1998), have been recently re-dated as Norian Irmis and Mundil, 2008). However, if Eoraptor, Herrerasaurus, or Staurikosaurus are basal members of Theropoda, as hypothesized by Sereno et al (1993), Sereno (1999), Nesbitt et al (2009b), and others, then this clade would extend into the Carnian.…”

Section: Late Triassic Theropods -Fossil Record and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and early radiation of dinosaurs

Brusatte

Nesbitt

Irmis

et al. 2010

Earth-Science Reviews

236

210

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dinosaurs were remarkably successful during the Mesozoic and one subgroup, birds, remain an important component of modern ecosystems. Although the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous has been the subject of intense debate, comparatively little attention has been given to the origin and early evolution of dinosaurs during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic, one of the most important evolutionary radiations in earth history. Our understanding of this keystone event has dramatically changed over the past 25 years, thanks to an influx of new fossil discoveries, reinterpretations of long-ignored specimens, and quantitative macroevolutionary analyses that synthesize anatomical and geological data. Here we provide an overview of the first 50 million years of dinosaur history, with a focus on the large-scale patterns that characterize the ascent of dinosaurs from a small, almost marginal group of reptiles in the Late Triassic to the preeminent terrestrial vertebrates of the Jurassic and Cretaceous. We provide both a biological and geological background for early dinosaur history. Dinosaurs are deeply nested among the archosaurian reptiles, diagnosed by only a small number of characters, and are subdivided into a number of major lineages. The first unequivocal dinosaurs are known from the late Carnian of South America, but the presence of their sister group in the Middle Triassic implies that dinosaurs possibly originated much earlier. The three major dinosaur lineages, theropods, sauropodomorphs, and ornithischians, are all known from the Triassic, when continents were joined into the supercontinent Pangaea and global climates were hot and arid. Although many researchers have long suggested that dinosaurs outcompeted other reptile groups during the Triassic, we argue that the ascent of dinosaurs was more of a matter of contingency and opportunism. Dinosaurs were overshadowed in most Late Triassic ecosystems by crocodile-line archosaurs and showed no signs of outcompeting their rivals. Instead, the rise of dinosaurs was a two-stage process, as dinosaurs expanded in taxonomic diversity, morphological disparity, and absolute faunal abundance only after the extinction of most crocodile-line reptiles and other groups.

show abstract

“…It was ®rst discovered in the Hartford Basin (Massachusetts and Connecticut), and subsequently found in the Deer®eld and Fundy basins (Massachusetts and Nova Scotia respectively). Less well-preserved examples occur in the Navajo Sandstone of Utah and Arizona (USA) (Rainforth and Lockley 1996a;Lockley et al 1998), and the Clarens Formation of Lesotho (Ellenberger 1972:`Kalosauropus'). The Deer®eld, Hartford and Fundy basins are remnants of part of a system of palaeo-rift valleys presently exposed in eastern North America, Morocco, and southern Europe.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Revision and re‐evaluation of the Early Jurassic dinosaurian ichnogenus Otozoum

Rainforth¹

2003

Palaeontology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. Otozoum moodii Hitchcock, 1847 is one of the classic Connecticut Valley ichnotaxa established by Edward Hitchcock between 1836 and 1865. The taxon is redescribed, and AC 4/1a re-established as the holotype specimen. Otozoum minus and O. caudatum are synonymised with O. moodii. The syntypes of Kalosauropus pollex (nomen nudum) are described as O. pollex sp. nov. Cladistic, quantitative, and comparative methods of trackmaker identi®cation suggest that Otozoum was made by a prosauropod dinosaur. In quantitative analyses, only those phalanges likely to contribute to footprint morphology were considered; claws were also excluded due to their highly variable styles of impression. Several diagnostic characters distinguish Otozoum from Brachychirotherium, Chirotherium, Batrachopus, Tetrasauropus, and Pseudotetrasauropus; these ichnotaxa are probably attributable to crurotarsan archosaurs. Otozoum is found primarily in Hettangian strata of the Hartford, Deer®eld, and Fundy rift basins of eastern North America; it is also present in the Early Jurassic Navajo Sandstone (Colorado Plateau, USA) and Clarens Formation (Lesotho). The taxon is unknown in older strata; Triassic material previously referred to Otozoum (including O. grandcombensis) instead belongs in Pseudotetrasauropus. Correlation of sediments and comparison of faunal assemblages, particularly within the Newark Supergroup, suggest that the Otozoum trackmakers were restricted to arid environments.KEY WORDS: Otozoum, Pseudotetrasauropus, Early Jurassic, ichnotaxa, prosauropod.I N 1836, Edward Hitchcock, at that time Professor of Chemistry and Natural History at Amherst College, published the ®rst description of footprints from Early Jurassic strata of the Connecticut Valley. By the time of his death in 1864, he had described over 70 vertebrate and invertebrate ichnogenera and 140 ichnospecies (summarised in E. Hitchcock 1858, 1865). The catalogue of specimens in the Hitchcock Ichnological Cabinet of Amherst College (C. H. Hitchcock 1865) appears to have been used by later workers as the basis for identi®cation of type material, and the concepts of individual ichnotaxa. Unfortunately omissions, misidenti®cations, and imprecise wording con¯ict with the earlier works of E. Hitchcock, and have caused much confusion. The ichnotaxon lists (primarily E. Hitchcock 1858, 1865; C. H. Hitchcock 1865) were reviewed, revised, and expanded over the next 100 years (Hay 1902(Hay , 1930Lull 1904 Lull , 1915 Lull , 1953Abel 1935). Lull's (1953 treatise is commonly used as the basis for studies on Early Jurassic ichnites; Haubold's (1971Haubold's ( , 1984 monographs relied on Lull's (1953) publication in describing Early Jurassic footprints from North America. These three works are considered the standard references for palaeoichnological studies. Unfortunately, errors in Lull's (1904Lull's ( , 1915Lull's ( , 1953 works, largely due to reliance on C. H. Hitchcock's (1865) catalogue, have been perpetuated by subsequent ichnotaxonomists who have used Lull's works as a bas...

show abstract

Late Triassic dinosaursfrom the western United States

Cited by 65 publications

References 23 publications

Pelvic and hind limb musculature of Staurikosaurus pricei (Dinosauria: Saurischia)

Pelvic and hind limb musculature of Staurikosaurus pricei (Dinosauria: Saurischia)

The origin and early radiation of dinosaurs

Revision and re‐evaluation of the Early Jurassic dinosaurian ichnogenus Otozoum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About