Late Third Trimester Unconjugated Serum Oestriol Levels in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy: Relation to Birth Weight

Hardy, Michaël; Humeida, Ahmed K.; Bahuri, Suhad M.; Basalamah, Abdullah H.

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1981.tb01684.x

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…size and weight, are well documented, the effects of such pregnancy complications on endocrine maturation of the fetus are largely undocumented. The results of prior studies are suggestive that PIH is associated with impaired function of the fetal zone of the fetal adrenal but normal development of the neocortical zone of the fetal adrenal (15,(17)(18)(19)(20). Our current data are supportive of the view that PIH leads to maldevelopment of the fetal zone of the adrenal, and thus to decreased DS production by the fetal adrenals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prolactin Levels in Umbilical Cord Serum and Its Relation to Fetal Adrenal Activity in Newborns of Women with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Parker¹,

Hankins²,

Carr³

et al. 1986

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. The effect of hypertension in pregnant women on fetal maturation is an issue of considerable importance. Because of a possible role of prolactin in fetal adrenal steroidogenesis and in fetal lung maturation, we have investigated the relationship between hypertension in pregnant women and levels of prolactin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in serum of newborn infants. It was found that with the mild-to-moderate form of pregnancyinduced hypertension (PIH), there was little effect on prolactin levels in newborn serum. In newborns of women with severe PIH, however, serum prolactin levels were significantly greater (p < 0.01) than those in newborns of women with uncomplicated pregnancies. Conversely, umbilical serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in newborns of women with severe PIH were significantly less (p < 0.05) than those in newborns of women with uncomplicated pregnancies. These findings are supportive of the view that pituitary function and adrenocortical function of fetuses of women with PIH are different from those of fetuses of normotensive women. These findings are suggestive that PIH alters the function of the fetal pituitary and adrenal cortex. (Pediatr Res 20: 876-878, 1986) Abbreviations PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension DS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfateThe effects of disorders of pregnant women on the processes of human fetal development are varied. Perhaps the most common complication of pregnancy is PIH. In the current study, we investigated the effects of PIH on the levels of prolactin and DS in serum of newborns. Prolactin was chosen for study since it is a major secretory product of the fetal pituitary that has been proposed to serve a role in fetal adrenal steroidogenesis (1-6), and also in fetal lung maturation (7-10). DS was chosen for study since it is the major secretory product of the fetal adrenal cortex and is the principal precursor of estrogens formed in the placenta during human pregnancy (1 1). Received February 20,1986; accepted April 28, 1986. Correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. C. Richard Parker, Jr., Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, University Station, Birmingham, AL 35294.These studies were supported, in part, by USPHS Grants HD14513 and HD13912. METHODSThe subjects of this study were 157 newborn infants of women who were normotensive and whose pregnancies were considered to be otherwise uncomplicated and 7 1 newborn infants ofwomen whose pregnancies were complicated by PIH. All newborns were delivered between 28 and 40 wk of gestation: gestational age being the number of weeks since the last menstrual period minus 2 wk. Newborns of hypertensive women with additional complications (i.e. chronic hypertension, diabetes, etc.) were omitted from this study. PIH was classified as severe when the onset of hypertension occurred prior to or during the 32nd wk of gestation. In instances when the onset of hypertension occurred after the 32nd wk of gestation, PIH was classified according to the magnit...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Prolactin Levels in Umbilical Cord Serum and Its Relation to Fetal Adrenal Activity in Newborns of Women with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Parker¹,

Hankins²,

Carr³

et al. 1986

Pediatr Res

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“…High birth weight, low parity and low gestational age have been associated with high oestrogen levels (Hay & Lorscheider, 1976; Maccoby et al. , 1979; Hardy et al. , 1981; Perry et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for testicular cancer – differences between pure non‐seminoma and mixed seminoma/non‐seminoma?

et al. 2006

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The origin of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) is believed to be carcinoma in situ cells developed in utero. Clinically, TGCCs are divided into two major histological groups, seminomas and non-seminomas, where the latter group includes non-seminomatous TGCCs with seminomatous components (mixed S/NS TGCC). Recent studies, however, have suggested that non-seminomas and mixed S/NS TGCCs could have certain differences in aetiology, and in this study the TGCCs were divided into three, rather than the conventional two histological groups. A large case-control study was undertaken on data on all live-born boys registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the period 1967-1998 (n=961 396). Among these were 1087 TGCC cases registered in the Cancer Registry of Norway until February 2004. We found several risk factors for TGCC, including low parity, low gestational age, epilepsy and retained placenta. Several of the variables studied seemed to be risk factors for specific histological groups, e.g. parity 0 vs. 2 and low gestational age being associated with increased risk of non-seminomas, but not of mixed S/NS TGCC, and low maternal age being associated with increased risk of mixed S/NS TGCC, but not of non-seminomatous TGCC. Therefore, our results might suggest that non-seminomas and mixed S/NS TGCCs have partially different risk factors, whose associations may be obscured by combining these two histological groups. The histological groups were not significantly different, however. Most of our findings on risk factors for TGCC are in agreement with at least some previous studies. An unexplainable exception is low birth weight being associated with reduced risk of TGCC in our study.

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“…To test the validity of this assumption, several studies have examined the relationships between perinatal factors and maternal hormone levels (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Some of these studies, however, have included hormone samples from only one time in pregnancy or studied members of only one ethnic group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Hormone Levels and Perinatal Characteristics: Implications for Testicular Cancer

Zhang

Graubard²,

Longnecker³

et al. 2007

Annals of Epidemiology

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Purpose-It has been hypothesized that the risk of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) is associated with maternal hormone levels. To examine the hypothesis, some studies have used perinatal factors as surrogates for hormone levels. To determine the validity of this assumption, hormone-perinatal factor relationships were examined in the Collaborative Perinatal Project.Methods-Maternal estradiol, estriol and testosterone levels in first and third trimester serum samples were correlated with perinatal factors among 300 mothers representative of populations at high (white Americans) or low (black Americans) risk of TGCT.Results-Among white participants, testosterone levels, were negatively associated with maternal height (p<0.01) and age (p=0.02), and positively associated with maternal weight (p=0.02) and BMI (p<0.01), while estradiol levels were negatively associated with height (p=0.03) and positively associated with son's birthweight (p=0.04). Among black participants, estriol levels were negatively associated with maternal weight (p=0.01), BMI (p=0.02) and gestational age p<0.01), and positively associated with son's birthweight (p<0.01), length (p=0.04) and head circumference (p=0.03).Conclusions-These findings indicate that the use of perinatal characteristics as surrogates for hormone levels should be limited to a specific ethnic group. Among white men, previously reported associations of TGCT with maternal weight and age may be due to lower maternal testosterone levels.

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Late Third Trimester Unconjugated Serum Oestriol Levels in Normal and Hypertensive Pregnancy: Relation to Birth Weight

Cited by 10 publications

References 17 publications

Prolactin Levels in Umbilical Cord Serum and Its Relation to Fetal Adrenal Activity in Newborns of Women with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Prolactin Levels in Umbilical Cord Serum and Its Relation to Fetal Adrenal Activity in Newborns of Women with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Risk factors for testicular cancer – differences between pure non‐seminoma and mixed seminoma/non‐seminoma?

Maternal Hormone Levels and Perinatal Characteristics: Implications for Testicular Cancer

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