Late Surgical Repair of Ventricular Septal Defect due to Nonpenetrating Chest Trauma

Ventricular Septal Defect after Blunt Trauma in a Case of Preexisting Prosthetic Mitral Valve

“…Ventricular septal rupture occurs most typically in late diastole or early systole when both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are closed and the intraventricular pressures are high. Sudden elevation of pressure caused by the impact gives way to the rupture of the ventricular septum [3]. In literature, the most common localization of traumatic ventricular defect is in the muscular septum ([4] p. 5).…”

Transcatheter treatment of a large traumatic ventricular septal defect

“…In contrast, the creation of a VSD as a result of blunt chest trauma is very rare, occurring in 3 of 2,744 patients in one recent large study [1]. Traumatic VSDs most often occur when forceful blunt chest wall injury is sustained during late diastole or early systole when the ventricle is distended and most commonly occur at the apex of the ventricular septum [2]. Coexisting multiorgan system injury and cardiovascular instability may considerably increase the risks associated with cardiopulmonary bypass and open heart repair.…”

Unsuspected Location of a Ventricular Septal Defect after Blunt Chest Trauma

“…In those who survive, the defect is often unsuspected or overlooked. When ventricular septal injury does occur after blunt trauma, rupture occurs almost exclusively in the muscular portion of the septum, either immediately or after a delay [3]. Occasionally, hemodynamically unstable patients require prompt diagnosis and early surgical intervention [4].…”