Late summer photosynthesis and storage carbohydrates in walnut (Juglans regia L.): Feed-back and feed-forward effects

Moscatello, Stefano; Proietti, Simona; Augusti, Angela; Scartazza, Andrea; Walker, Robert P.; Famiani, Franco; Battistelli, Alberto

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.025

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…More leaves on the girdled shoot could produce sufficient photosynthetic products to meet the requirement of both leaves and fruits. Previous studies showed that the reduction in photosynthesis after girdling was consistent with a feedback effect of an increased carbohydrate content of the leaves (Moscatello et al 2017). Similarly, in this study, a high LFR also contributed to the accumulation of carbohydrates when the plant's sinks failed to utilize the products of photosynthesis, which could be reflected by the trend for a higher starch content ( Fig.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Pn and Lfrs With Five Leavessupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Previous studies showed that photosynthesis of walnut leaves was affected by many factors, including kaolin (Rosati et al 2007, Gharaghani et al 2018, rootstock varieties (Li et al 2017), fertilizers (Nicodemus et al 2008, Liu et al 2010), acclimation (Chenevard et al 1997, light (Dean et al 1982, Atanasova et al 2003, salinity (Zhang et al 2002), and water (Scartazza et al 2001). Despite previous studies reporting photosynthetic response to changes in source-sink relationships, a systematic research on long-term response of photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of walnut leaves under different source-sink relationship is very limited , Moscatello et al 2017.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The long-term response of photosynthesis in walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf to a leaf-to-fruit ratio

Zhang¹,

Pan²,

Chen³

2019

Photosynt.

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For clarifying the relationship between a leaf-to-fruit ratio (LFR) and photosynthesis, LFR manipulation was performed with Juglans regia cv. Xinxin2 in order to test the photosynthesis response to LFR in source leaves. Results showed that LFR with one and two leaves was positively correlated with net photosynthetic rate (PN), chlorophyll content, and specific leaf mass, implying extremely low LFR inhibited the leaf development. However, LFR with five leaves was negatively correlated with PN, positively correlated with starch, but not related to intercellular CO2 concentration, indicating the high LFR caused the nonstomatal limitation and feedback inhibition of photosynthetic production. No significant differences in PN between LFRs (with three and four leaves) probably indicated a balanced state of coordinated supply and demand between the source leaf and sink fruit. The above results indicated that the response of photosynthesis in the source leaves to LFR depends on the variation range of LFR.Additional key words: gas exchange; leaf anatomical structure; leaf traits; nut; source-sink relationship. CO2 concentration; DAF -days after full bloom of female flowers; gs -stomatal conductance; FL -LFRs with five leaves; LFR -leaf-to-fruit ratio; LT -leaf thickness; OTL -LFRs with one and two leaves; PN -net photosynthetic rate; PN-PAR -photosynthetic rate response to PAR; PTT -palisade tissue thickness; SLM -specific leaf mass; Sta -starch; STT -spongy tissue thickness; TFL -LFRs with three and four leaves; TSS -total soluble sugar.

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Section: The Relationship Between Pn and Lfrs With Five Leavessupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The long-term response of photosynthesis in walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf to a leaf-to-fruit ratio

Zhang¹,

Pan²,

Chen³

2019

Photosynt.

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“…Collected samples were immediately put on ice in a cooler for transport and stored at À20°C until processing. Frozen wood samples were manually milled in a mortar with liquid nitrogen before biochemical analyses (Scartazza et al, 2013;Moscatello et al, 2017).…”

Section: Tree Selection Cellulose Of Tree Ring Xylem Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These compounds represent the primary C reserves in trees, contributing to plant survival during adverse conditions (Barbaroux et al ., ; Scartazza et al ., ; Gavrichkova et al ., ) and the production of new leaves after artificial defoliation (Cerasoli et al ., ). Their accumulation and mobilization depends on several internal and external factors including the availability of recent photosynthates and allocation to competing sinks (Moscatello et al ., ). The amount of NSC available for recovery is sufficient to rebuild the whole canopy at least once (Würth et al ., ), but potentially up to four times (Hoch et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Winter's bite: beech trees survive complete defoliation due to spring late‐frost damage by mobilizing old C reserves

D’Andrea

Rezaie

Battistelli³

et al. 2019

New Phytologist

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Summary Late frost can destroy the photosynthetic apparatus of trees. We hypothesized that this can alter the normal cyclic dynamics of C‐reserves in the wood. We measured soluble sugar concentrations and radiocarbon signatures (Δ14C) of soluble nonstructural carbon (NSC) in woody tissues sampled from a Mediterranean beech forest that was completely defoliated by an exceptional late frost in 2016. We used the bomb radiocarbon approach to estimate the time elapsed since fixation of mobilized soluble sugars. During the leafless period after the frost event, soluble sugar concentrations declined sharply while Δ14C of NSC increased. This can be explained by the lack of fresh assimilate supply and a mobilization of C from reserve pools. Soluble NSC became increasingly older during the leafless period, with a maximum average age of 5 yr from samples collected 27 d before canopy recovery. Following leaf re‐growth, soluble sugar concentrations increased and Δ14C of soluble NSC decreased, indicating the allocation of new assimilates to the stem soluble sugars pool. These data highlight that beech trees rapidly mobilize reserve C to survive strong source–sink imbalances, for example due to late frost, and show that NSC is a key trait for tree resilience under global change.

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“…There is evidence for various pathways of high leaf starch concentrations directly damaging the photosynthetic apparatus, which results in reduced photosynthesis for herbaceous plants (Paul and Foyer, 2001). Significantly higher leaf starch concentrations after stem girdling have been observed in Citrus reticulata (Rivas et al, 2007), Juglans regia (Moscatello et al, 2017) and Pinus taeda (Myers et al, 1999), but not in Populus deltoides (Regier et al, 2010). For Juglans regia (Moscatello et al, 2017), Populus deltoides (Regier et al, 2010), and Pinus taeda (Maier et al, 2010) increases of stem starch concentrations above and decreases below the girdling zone were also apparent.…”

Section: Impacts Of Phloem Transport Manipulations On Carbon Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Direct Phloem Transport Manipulation to Advance Understanding of Carbon Dynamics in Forest Trees

Rademacher

Basler

Eckes-Shephard

et al. 2019

Front. For. Glob. Change

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Carbon dynamics within trees are intrinsically important for physiological functioning, in particular growth and survival, as well as ecological interactions on multiple timescales. Thus, these internal dynamics play a key role in the global carbon cycle by determining the residence time of carbon in forests via allocation to different tissues and pools, such as leaves, wood, storage, and exudates. Despite the importance of tree internal carbon dynamics, our understanding of how carbon is used in trees, once assimilated, has major gaps. The primary tissue that transports carbon from sources to sinks within a tree is the phloem. Therefore, direct phloem transport manipulation techniques have the potential to improve understanding of numerous aspects of internal carbon dynamics. These include relationships between carbon assimilation, nonstructural carbon availability, respiration for growth and tissue maintenance, allocation to, and remobilization from, storage reserves, and long-term sequestration in lignified structural tissues. This review aims to: (1) introduce the topic of direct phloem transport manipulations, (2) describe the three most common methods of direct phloem transport manipulation and review their mechanisms, namely (i) girdling, (ii) compression and (iii) chilling; (3) summarize the known impacts of these manipulations on carbon dynamics and use in forest trees; (4) discuss potential collateral effects and compare the methods; and finally (5) highlight outstanding key questions that relate to tree carbon dynamics and use, and propose ways to address them using direct phloem transport manipulation.

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Late summer photosynthesis and storage carbohydrates in walnut (Juglans regia L.): Feed-back and feed-forward effects

Cited by 26 publications

References 56 publications

The long-term response of photosynthesis in walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf to a leaf-to-fruit ratio

The long-term response of photosynthesis in walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf to a leaf-to-fruit ratio

Winter's bite: beech trees survive complete defoliation due to spring late‐frost damage by mobilizing old C reserves

Using Direct Phloem Transport Manipulation to Advance Understanding of Carbon Dynamics in Forest Trees

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