Late Quaternary Tephrostratigraphy of Marine Core KH94-3, LM-8 off Sanriku, Japan.

Transitions in the Early Upper Palaeolithic: An Examination of Lithic Assemblages on the Musashino Upland, Tokyo, Japan

“…The date of EUP assemblages in the Musashino Upland is estimated to be around 40,000 to 28,000 cal b.p. AT tephra is also identified in a marine core of the Japan Sea (Aoki and Arai 2000). It coincides well with the transition from Stage 3 to Stage 2 and the estimated date is about 29,000 -28,000 cal b.p.…”

Marine tephra in the Japan Sea sediments as a tool for paleoceanography and paleoclimatology

“…Therefore, identifying these tephras in marine cores provides a basis for constructing robust age models in those marine sediments. At the same time, well-dated marine cores with high-resolution oxygen isotope stratigraphies can provide the depositional ages of marine tephras (e.g., Oba 1991; Aoki and Arai 2000;Chun et al 2004;Aoki 2008;Aoki et al 2008). The majority of well-dated tephras are concentrated in the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene sequences, although there are several reports of the Middle Pleistocene tephras in the Japan Sea sediments (e.g., Shirai et al 1997Shirai et al , 1999.…”

“…The following are other studies in the literature describing the major elemental composition of volcanic glass shards of the Quaternary-Neogene tephras: the Holocene to the late Middle Pleistocene: Aoki and Arai (2000), Aoki et al ( , 2008, Nagahashi et al (2004, Aoki and Machida (2006), and Nagahashi and Ishiyama (2009); the Middle Pleistocene to the Pliocene: Nagahashi et al (2000), Tamura et al (2008), Kotaki et al (2011), andSuzuki et al (2011); and the Miocene: Hiranaka et al (2007). Major marine tephra studies around the Japanese islands in locations other than in the Japan Sea include the following: general: Machida and Arai (1983, 1988, 2003 and Furuta et al (1986); NW Pacific: Fujioka (1983), Cambray et al (1990), Aoki and Arai (2000), Aoki et al ( , 2008, Aoki and Machida (2006), Aoki and Ohkushi (2006), Suganuma et al (2006), Aoki (2008), and Ikehara et al (2013); Izu-Bonin: Fujioka et al (1992aFujioka et al ( , 1992b and Nishimura et al (1992); South of Japan: Ikehara et al (2006Ikehara et al ( , 2011 and Kutterolf et al (2014); East China Sea: Cambray et al (1990) and Moriwaki et al (2011). Recently, Kimura et al (2015) determined 10 major and 33 trace elements and Pb isotope ratios for dacitic to rhyolitic glass shards from 80 widespread tephras erupted during the past 5 Ma.…”

A new local marine reservoir correction for the last deglacial period in the Sanriku region, northwestern North Pacific, based on radiocarbon dates from the Towada-Hachinohe (To-H) tephra

“…This age corresponds to a calendar age of 15.7 cal ky BP, as calculated using the IntCal09 dataset (Reimer et al, 2009). The age of the marine To-H tephra was estimated to be in the range 14.9-15.3 ka by Aoki and Arai (2000) from the oxygen isotope record of core KH94-3 LM8 collected offshore near Sanriku. However, Ohkushi et al (2007) reported radiocarbon dates from above and below the To-H layer in two marine cores collected east of Rokkasho (core MR01-K03 PC4 : above＝13,730 ±100 14 C y BP, below＝15,680±120 14 C y BP ; and core KT90-9 St.5 : above＝14,150±60 14 C y BP, below＝14,480±90 14 C y BP).…”

“…The Shikotsu Daiichi (Spfa-1) tephra (from the Shikotsu caldera, Hokkaido, northern Japan) was also widespread in these cores. Aoki and Arai (2000) recorded the tephrostratigraphy of core KH94-3 LM-8 from east of Kesennuma, Sanriku (38°53.52′N, 143°22.11′E ; water depth : 2,353 m), above the Aso-4 tephra, erupted from the Aso caldera, central Kyushu, southern Japan. They recognized 14 tephra beds, and were able to correlate some with widespread tephras such as Aso-4 (85-90 ka), Spfa-1 (40-45 ka), TowadaOfudo (To-Of ; older than 32 ka during MIS 3), AT (26-29 ka), To-H (around 15 ka), and TowadaChuseri (To-Cu ; 6 ka), in ascending order (eruption ages from Machida and Arai, 2003).…”