Late Quaternary sea-level changes of the Persian Gulf

Lokier, Stephen W.; Bateman, Mark D.; Larkin, Nigel R.; Rye, Philip; Stewart, John R.

doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2015.04.007

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The last glaciation (ca 18 ka) resulted in a regional sea-level fall to ca 110 to 130 m lower than present day sea-level (Whitehouse & Bradley, 2013). With the termination of the glaciation, Holocene sea-level fluctuations produced a transgression from 7 to 5 ka, followed by a forced regression to present sealevel by 1440 to 1170 BP (Lokier et al, 2015). More recently, the relative sea-level in the Abu Dhabi lagoon is again rising, causing a transgression with renewed flooding of the sabkha and a retrogradation of the lagoonal coastline (Lokier et al, 2018).…”

Section: Geographical and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evolution of modern Abu Dhabi nearshore topography is related to eustatic changes induced by Quaternary glaciation events (Evans et al, 1969;Stevens et al, 2014;Lokier et al, 2015). Glacioeustatic sea-level fall during the early and middle Pleistocene (>250 ka), resulted in the covering of the Abu Dhabi region by siliciclastic aeolian dunes (Ghayathi Formation; Evans et al, 1969;Stevens et al, 2014).…”

Section: Geographical and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late Holocene to Recent aragonite‐cemented transgressive lag deposits in the Abu Dhabi lagoon and intertidal sabkha

Pederson

Lokier

et al. 2020

Sedimentology

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Modern cemented intervals (beachrock, firmgrounds to hardgrounds and concretionary layers) form in the lagoon and intertidal sabkha of Abu Dhabi. Seafloor lithification actively occurs in open, current‐swept channels in low‐lying areas between ooid shoals, in the intertidal zone of the middle lagoon, some centimetres beneath the inner lagoonal seafloor (i.e. within the sediment column) and at the sediment surface the intertidal sabkha. The concept of ‘concretionary sub‐hardgrounds’, i.e. laminar cementation of sediments formed within the sediment column beneath the shallow redox boundary, is introduced and discussed. Based on calibrated radiocarbon ages, seafloor lithification commenced during the Middle to Late Holocene (ca 9000 cal yr bp), and proceeds to the present‐day. Lithification occurs in the context of the actualistic relative sea‐level rise shifting the coastline landward across the extremely low‐angle carbonate ramp. The cemented intervals are interpreted as parasequence boundaries in the sense of ‘marine flooding surfaces’, but in most cases the sedimentary cover overlying the transgressive surface has not yet been deposited. Aragonite, (micritic) calcite and, less commonly, gypsum cements lithify the firmground/hardground intervals. Cements are described and placed into context with their depositional and marine diagenetic environments and characterized by means of scanning electron microscope petrography, cathodoluminescence microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The morphology of aragonitic cements changes from needle‐shaped forms in lithified decapod burrows of the outer lagoon ooidal shoals to complex columnar, lath and platy crystals in the inner lagoon. Precipitation experiments provide first tentative evidence for the parameters that induce changes in aragonite cement morphology. Data shown here shed light on ancient, formerly aragonite‐cemented seafloors, now altered to diagenetic calcites, but also document the complexity of highly dynamic near coastal depositional environments.

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Section: Geographical and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geographical and Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Holocene to Recent aragonite‐cemented transgressive lag deposits in the Abu Dhabi lagoon and intertidal sabkha

Pederson

Lokier

et al. 2020

Sedimentology

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“…Taking into account the range of estimates for the mid-Holocene RSL highstand with the highest overlap between the different sources (c. 6000-4000 years BP, Figure 9) as well as the entire curve of post-glacial sea-level change as predicted by Lambeck [17], the estimates of 10,000-8000 years BP [21] and 12,000 years BP [22] appear too early, as much of the very shallow wider Bahrain Ridge area (<7 m water depth [57]) was still exposed at that time. The estimate of 4100 years BP [10], however, is too young, as it post-dates the vast majority of known index points of the RSL highstand along the southern coast of the Arabian Gulf [18,25,27]. Inferences from the analysis of Embabi and Ashour [10] might have been biased by the very short time windows of available imagery and the overrepresentation of very small barchan dunes in the sample.…”

Section: Barchan Migration Sediment Supply and Relative Sea-level Chmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Rough estimates of 8000-6000 years ago [19,20], 10,000-8000 years ago [21], or even 12,000 years ago [22] can be found in literature, along with the rather precise timing of 4100 years ago [10]. Likewise, a broad range of dates is found for the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand both in Qatar and the wider Gulf region, e.g., 8000-4000 years ago [23], 5 to 6 millennia ago [24], 6000-4500 cal years BP [25], around 6000 BP [18], 5000-3500 cal years BP [26], or "shortly after 5290-4570 cal year BP" [27] (p. 79).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of Barchan Dunes in Qatar–Controls of the Shamal, Teleconnections, Sea-Level Changes and Human Impact

2018

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Abstract:Barchan dune fields are a dominant landscape feature in SE Qatar and a key element of the peninsula's geodiversity. The migration of barchan dunes is mainly controlled by dune size, wind patterns, vegetation cover and human impact. We investigate the variability of dune migration in Qatar over a time period of 50 years using high-resolution satellite and aerial imagery. We then explore its relation to the regional Shamal wind system, teleconnection patterns, and limitations in sand supply associated with the transgression of the Arabian Gulf. Strong size-dependent differences in migration rates of individual dunes as well as significant decadal variability on a dune-field scale are detected, which are found to correlate with the intensity of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM), in particular during years of relatively strong (weak) summer Shamals. High uncertainties associated with the extrapolation of migration rates back into the Holocene, however, do not permit further examination of the timing of the loss of sand supply and the onset of the mid-Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) highstand. For the youngest phase considered in this study (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), human impact has likely accelerated dune migration under a weakening Shamal regime through sand mining and excessive vehicle traffic upwind of the core study area.

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“…Accounts of an inundated tidalflat-like environment are also recorded in historical maps and texts (Frere, 1870;Sivewright, 1907;Rajendran and Rajendran, 2001). On the western coast of the Arabian Sea (Persian Gulf region), a highstand of > 1 m above current sea level during the period 5300-4500 years BP has been recorded that fell back to the current level after~1500 years BP (Lokier et al, 2015). Likewise, marine transgression and formation of an extensive mangrove front along with several Neolithic settlements have been recorded from the coast of Oman and Makran (Pakistan) between~5000 and 3000 years BP, with a peak in mangrove formation between 4700 and 4400 years BP.…”

Section: Carbon Isotope Productivity Mangroves and Rivers Around Dhmentioning

confidence: 98%

Did the Harappan settlement of Dholavira (India) collapse during the onset of Meghalayan stage drought?

Sengupta

Mukherjee

Bhushan

et al. 2019

J Quaternary Science

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Radiocarbon dating of archaeological carbonates from seven cultural stages of Dholavira, Great Rann of Kachchh (GRK), the largest excavated Harappan settlement in India, suggests the beginning of occupation at ~5500 years BP (pre‐Harappan), and continuation until ~3800 years BP (early part of the Late Harappan period). The settlement rapidly expanded under favourable monsoonal climate conditions when architectural elements such as the Citadel, Bailey, Lower and Middle Town were added between the Early and mid‐Mature Harappan periods. Abundant local mangroves grew around the GRK sustaining prolific populations of the edible gastropod Terebralia palustris. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) sclerochronology of Early Harappan gastropod shell suggests seasonal mixing of some depleted (δ18O ~ −12‰) river water in summer/monsoon months (through ancient Saraswati and/or Indus distributary channels) with seawater that periodically inundated the GRK. Evaporation from this semi‐enclosed water body during the non‐monsoon months enriched the δ18O of water/shell carbonates. The humid fluvial landscape possibly changed due to a catastrophic drought driving the final collapse of the settlement of Dholavira exactly at the onset of the Meghalayan (Late Holocene) stage (~4300–4100 years BP). Indeed, Dholavira presents a classic case for understanding how climate change can increase future drought risk as predicted by the IPCC working group. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Late Quaternary sea-level changes of the Persian Gulf

Cited by 57 publications

References 68 publications

Late Holocene to Recent aragonite‐cemented transgressive lag deposits in the Abu Dhabi lagoon and intertidal sabkha

Late Holocene to Recent aragonite‐cemented transgressive lag deposits in the Abu Dhabi lagoon and intertidal sabkha

Migration of Barchan Dunes in Qatar–Controls of the Shamal, Teleconnections, Sea-Level Changes and Human Impact

Did the Harappan settlement of Dholavira (India) collapse during the onset of Meghalayan stage drought?

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