Late Quaternary evolution of Lago Castor (Chile, 45.6°S): Timing of the deglaciation in northern Patagonia and evolution of the southern westerlies during the last 17 kyr

Daele, Maarten Van; Bertrand, Sébastien; Meyer, Inka; Moernaut, Jasper; Vandoorne, Willem; Siani, Giuseppe; Tanghe, Niels; Ghazoui, Zakaria; Pino, Mario; Urrutia, Roberto; Batist, Marc De

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.12.021

Cited by 44 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This only allows making assumptions about these events, and no conclusions can be made with certainty. However, Lago Castor (located at a similar latitude) shows sedimentation rates that remain more or less constant up to the Ho eruption (Van Daele et al, 2016). for SL-C, 13,000 cal years B.P.…”

Section: Event Stratigraphy Of Aysén Fjordmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…in lake cores; Stern et al, 2016) and between 3,460 and 4,100 cal years B.P. (Van Daele et al, 2016). The H2 eruption might have even caused fallout in Aysén Fjord (Naranjo & Stern, 1998).…”

Section: Volcanic Activitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The age model is validated by tephrochronology (geochemistry samples indicated with black arrows, left), of which the results are presented at the bottom of the figure: (b) TiO 2 versus SiO 2 and (c) K 2 O versus SiO 2 with field boundaries after Peccerillo and Taylor (1976); compared to whole-rock composition of Mentolat, Cay, Macá, and Hudson volcanoes. (Van Daele et al, 2016) and with the age of 3,460-4,100 cal years B.P. Because it is the thickest tephra layer in the core and the fact that more pumice was deposited to the north of the volcano (i.e., toward Aysén Fjord) during H2 than during H1 (Naranjo & Stern, 1998), it can be attributed to the H2 eruption.…”

Section: Validation By Tephrochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene Event Record of Aysén Fjord (Chilean Patagonia): An Interplay of Volcanic Eruptions and Crustal and Megathrust Earthquakes

et al. 2018

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In the first months of 2007, the Aysén region in southern Chile was affected by a crustal seismic swarm. Its largest earthquake (Mw 6.2) occurred in April and had its epicenter in Aysén Fjord. Seismic intensities became so high that hundreds of onshore mass movements were triggered, several of which entered into the fjord, resulting in mass transport deposits (MTDs) preserved at the fjord bottom. Here we present a Holocene record of paleo‐earthquakes in the previously unstudied Patagonian fjordland based on MTD stratigraphy. High‐resolution seismic data retrieved using two different seismic systems (sparker and TOPAS) reveal multiple older MTDs on different stratigraphic levels. Correlation of the seismic stratigraphy with sedimentological data obtained from a long Calypso core (MD07‐3117) allows conclusion on the seismic origin of these deposits. Additionally, radiocarbon dating permits constructing an age model, validated by tephrochronology, providing an age for the different MTD levels. We thus present a highly detailed paleoseismological history of the Aysén region, including at least six major Holocene earthquakes, one of which is likely related to a known megathrust earthquake. Other earthquakes are related to activity of the Liquiñe‐Ofqui Fault Zone (LOFZ), forming the main source of seismic hazard in the area. We can infer a general average recurrence time for LOFZ earthquakes of ~2,100 years in the vicinity of Aysén Fjord with clustered events during the early and late Holocene. Finally, we argue that cascading events (causal link between volcanic and seismic events) may be a frequent phenomenon along the LOFZ.

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Section: Event Stratigraphy Of Aysén Fjordmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Volcanic Activitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Validation By Tephrochronologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holocene Event Record of Aysén Fjord (Chilean Patagonia): An Interplay of Volcanic Eruptions and Crustal and Megathrust Earthquakes

et al. 2018

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“…Further south in Lago Castor (Van Daele et al ., ) and Mallίn Pollux (Markgraf et al ., ), cumulated tephra thicknesses reach 79.9 cm and > 42 cm (not all tephras were described in details), respectively. These two records seem to contain slightly less tephra than that represented in Figure , although volcanic ash soil thickness in profile AP12‐01, which is located on the shore of Lago Castor, clearly reaches 120 cm (Supplementary information, Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…histosol SS13‐10 in Figure S2). The isopach map was validated using lake sediment cores (orange dots) with known cumulated post‐glacial tephra thickness: (1) Laguna Oprasa (3 cm; Haberle and Lumley, ); (2) Laguna Miranda (10 cm; Haberle and Lumley, ); (3) Lago Shaman (9 cm; de Porras et al ., ); (4) Mallίn El Embudo (36 cm; de Porras et al ., ); (5) Lago Castor (79.9 cm; Van Daele et al ., ); (6) Mallίn Pollux (>42 cm; Markgraf et al ., ); and (7) Lago Augusta (12 cm; Villa‐Martínez et al ., ). The striped area near Hudson volcano highlights a region where volcanic ash soil thickness may have been overestimated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sources of dissolved silica to the fjords of northern Patagonia (44–48°S): the importance of volcanic ash soil distribution and weathering

Vandekerkhove

Bertrand

Reid

et al. 2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Dissolved silica (DSi) plays an important biogeochemical role in the fjords of northern Chilean Patagonia (44-48°S), where it drives high biogenic productivity and promotes carbon burial. It is generally believed that the DSi riverine input to lakes and coastal environments is controlled by a combination of factors including lithology, climate, topography, vegetation, and meltwater input. In northern Chilean Patagonia several authors have proposed that the postglacial volcanic ash soils (andosols) may play a significant role in the high supply of DSi to the regional fjords. To assess the influence of andosols on DSi concentrations in north Patagonian rivers, we mapped andosol thickness and compared our results with river chemistry. The mineralogical and geochemical composition of three representative andosol profiles was also examined to evaluate the efficiency of weathering processes. The andosol thickness map clearly demonstrates that volcanic ash was predominantly deposited on the eastern side of the regional volcanoes, reflecting the influence of the prevailing westerly winds on the distribution of pyroclastic material. Mineralogical and geochemical results show that the andosol parent material has the typical andesitic basaltic signature of the regional volcanoes, i.e. high amounts of amorphous material, plagioclase, K-feldspar, and pyroxene. Down-profile variations in soil mineralogy and geochemistry indicate increased leaching of silica with depth, resulting from weathering of the volcanic parent material. For the five studied watersheds, a highly positive correlation (R 2 =0.98) was found between average andosol thickness and DSi concentrations, suggesting that andosol thickness is the main parameter affecting DSi concentrations in north Patagonian river systems. On seasonal timescales, increased precipitation (winter) and glacial meltwater (summer) input can significantly reduce DSi concentrations. We argue that the weathering of andosols constitutes the most important source of DSi to the lakes and fjords of northern Chilean Patagonia, explaining the particularly high regional rates of biogenic silica production.

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An Atlas of Mass‐Transport Deposits in Lakes

Sammartini

Moernaut

Anselmetti

et al. 2019

Geophysical Monograph Series

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Late Quaternary evolution of Lago Castor (Chile, 45.6°S): Timing of the deglaciation in northern Patagonia and evolution of the southern westerlies during the last 17 kyr

Cited by 44 publications

References 71 publications

Holocene Event Record of Aysén Fjord (Chilean Patagonia): An Interplay of Volcanic Eruptions and Crustal and Megathrust Earthquakes

Holocene Event Record of Aysén Fjord (Chilean Patagonia): An Interplay of Volcanic Eruptions and Crustal and Megathrust Earthquakes

Sources of dissolved silica to the fjords of northern Patagonia (44–48°S): the importance of volcanic ash soil distribution and weathering

An Atlas of Mass‐Transport Deposits in Lakes

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