Late Quaternary Catastrophic Flooding in the Altai Mountains of South–Central Siberia: A Synoptic Overview and an Introduction to Flood Deposit Sedimentology

Carling, Paul A.; Kirkbride, Alistair D.; Parnachov, S.; Borodavko, P. S.; Berger, Glenn W.

doi:10.1002/9781444304299.ch2

Cited by 66 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…On balance, the second model is preferred as it is consistent with other evidence (obtained further down the route of the flood below the lake) for at least three to four floods sourced from the Kuray Basin (Carling et al 2002(Carling et al , 2009). The radar stratigraphy, notably the presence of reactivation surfaces and well-defined facies packages, indicates that there were most probably four rapid drawdowns of the lake level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…1), as well as along the valleys of the Chuja and Katun rivers, which lead northward to the Ob river and thence to the Siberian plains (Carling 1996a;Carling et al 2002). The conjoined basins were occupied by a temporal series of ice-dammed lakes during the late Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3; Carling et al 2011) and dunes in the basins were formed when alluvial fan gravels, inundated by the lake, were mobilized as the lake emptied rapidly following the repeated failures of the ice-impoundment (Carling 1996b).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using these dated horizons and the associated interpretation of the stratigraphic successions, Carling et al (2002Carling et al ( , 2009 argued for at least three major flood events draining the basins during and towards the end of the Sartan glaciation (Last Glacial Maximum). In addition, using cosmogenic isotope dates for the bar-top sediments and ice-rafted boulders, Reuther et al (2006) have argued that the final draining in the Kuray Basin occurred c. 15 900 ± 600 a BP.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ground-penetrating radar stratigraphy and dynamics of megaflood gravel dunes

Carling

Bristow

Litvinov

2016

JGS

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Ground-penetrating radar was used to elucidate the stratigraphy of late Pleistocene gravel dunes in the Altai Mountains of southern Siberia that formed when a lake emptied as a result of ice-dam failure. Survey-lines across dunes had a resolution of decimetres, with depth penetration of 20 m. The reflections identify bounding surfaces and radar facies. Two classes of unconformities are identified: (1) an erosional unconformity at the base of the dunes; (2) steeply inclined unconformities that truncate underlying inclined reflections and are downlapped by overlying inclined reflections within the dunes. Unconformities define six radar facies (RF): RF 1, basal subhorizontal discordant reflections; RF 2, poorly defined discordant reflections; RF 3, planar inclined reflections; RF 4, sigmoidal inclined reflections; RF 5, trough fills; RF 6, lowangle inclined reflections. The basal unconformity represents the flood-cut surface, across which the dunes migrated. The inclined unconformities may be interpreted in two ways: (1) erosional surfaces induced by unsteady flow within one flood, or (2) erosional surfaces developed by a series of floods reactivating dunes left stranded by previous floods. The evidence favours the latter model, which is consistent with the occurrence of several dune-forming events within the basin. The broader implications of the study are considered with respect to investigations of megaflood bedforms worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ground-penetrating radar stratigraphy and dynamics of megaflood gravel dunes

Carling

Bristow

Litvinov

2016

JGS

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“…Based on terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dates of moraines in the Chagan-Uzun valley, Gribenski et al (2016) suggested the Last Glacial Maximum in the SE Altai to be occurred about 17-19 ka. Associated with the glacial degradation final draining of ice-dammed lakes in the Chuya and Kurai intermountain depressions (Butvilovsky, 1993;Rudoy, 1995;Carling et al, 2002 andHerget, 2005) took place about 15.8 ± 1.8 ka, as it is evidenced by terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating (Reuther et al, 2006). The development of the Sartan ice-sheet glaciation within the framing ridges of the Chuya basin about 14 ka BP (Rudoy, 2005) does not confirmed by radiocarbon age of paleopeat in the Chikhachev range (Agatova et al, 2016).…”

Section: Regional Oroclimatic Features Controlling the Pleistocene Glmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to Tuva, the effusive and tephra layers are absent in the sections of the Russian Altai. Repeated developing giant ice-dammed lakes in the region (Butvilovsky, 1993;Carling et al, 2002;Rudoy, 2005 andHerget, 2005) complicate utilizing terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating of ancient moraines within intermountain depressions. Besides the difficulties of applying the numerical dating techniques, in glacial sediments of Altai reference sections there is a lack of finds of macro-and microfauna (ostracods), and species composition does not allow establishing the glacial sequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleistocene glaciations of the SE Altai, Russia, based on geomorphological data and absolute dating of glacial deposits in Chagan reference section

Агатова

Непоп

2017

Geochronometria

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Geomorphological evidence of at least two Pleistocene glacial epochsis noted within the Chagan-Uzun river basin, SE Altai. A review and analysis of all available absolute dates for reference Chagan section is presented. The highest correlation amongst all TL dates is observed for the lens of glacio-lacustrine sediments -the most suitable among glacial deposits for luminescence dating, and indicates its possible Middle Pleistocene age. IRSL dates obtained from feldspar indicate a Middle Pleistocene age of moraines already in the upper part of the section. The small number of obtained IRSL dates does not allow making geochronological reconstructions of the Pleistocene glaciations, but gives the possibility for further experiments with different variation of OSL (IRSL) techniques. Strong low temperature peak in TL signal and strong response to IR stimulation are specific regional quartz features, which could be explained by combination of short transportation distance and low number of depositional cycles for mineral grains. Available radiocarbon dates of carbonate concretions from this section are not related to the age of moraine sedimentation and most likely indicate the period of the Chagan river incision into the ancient glacial deposits. This study has shown that TL method is not valid for dating glacial sediments and TL dates cannot be utilized as chronostratigraphic markers. Generally, the Chagan section could hardly serve as a reference section for the Altai stratigraphy; available depositional correlation schemes for the Russian Altai and Siberia which are based on several TL dates obtained in the last century needs to be improved.

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Sediment Transport, Bed Morphology and the Sedimentology of River Channel Confluences

Best

Rhoads

2008

River Confluences, Tributaries and the Fluvial Network

111

116

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ContextRiver channel confluences are sites of significant hydraulic and morphological change within fluvial networks (Richards, 1980;Rhoads, 1987;Ferguson et al., 2006; Lane, this volume, Chapter 3) and also occur within river channels where islands or bars are present. The local and downstream effects of confluences can have a profound influence on the geomorphology and ecology of river channels -see, for example, Rice et al.-as well as on strategies for effective channel management (Pinter et al., 2004). For these reasons, the morphology of river channel confluences is of major importance within a range of considerations and disciplines. For example, scour-depth predictions at channel junctions are clearly needed in the design of engineering structures, whilst the recognition of confluence scour is important in reconstructions of ancient sedimentary environments (Bristow et al.

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Late Quaternary Catastrophic Flooding in the Altai Mountains of South–Central Siberia: A Synoptic Overview and an Introduction to Flood Deposit Sedimentology

Cited by 66 publications

References 12 publications

Ground-penetrating radar stratigraphy and dynamics of megaflood gravel dunes

Ground-penetrating radar stratigraphy and dynamics of megaflood gravel dunes

Pleistocene glaciations of the SE Altai, Russia, based on geomorphological data and absolute dating of glacial deposits in Chagan reference section

Sediment Transport, Bed Morphology and the Sedimentology of River Channel Confluences

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