Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene vegetation history of northeastern Russian Arctic inferred from the Lake El'gygytgyn pollen record

Andreev, Andrei A.; Tarasov, Pavel E.; Wennrich, Volker; Raschke, Elena; Herzschuh, Ulrike; Nowaczyk, Norbert R; Brigham‐Grette, Julie; Melles, Martin

doi:10.5194/cp-10-1017-2014

Cited by 53 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…Warmer-than-present climatic conditions between 3.55 and 3.48 Ma have also been recorded at Lake El'gygytgyn in the north-eastern Russian Arctic where Larix-Pseudotsuga forests predominated (Andreev et al, 2014;Brigham-Grette et al, 2013). In southern east Siberia mixed coniferous forests grew under a relatively warm climate in the Lake Baikal region during the early Piacenzian (Demske et al, 2002).…”

Section: Vegetation and Climate At 360-347 Mamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…5, 7), reoccurring warmer and cooler climate conditions are documented in the Lake El'gygytgyn and Lake Baikal region between 3.47 and 3.35 Ma (Andreev et al, 2014;Demske et al, 2002). As in ODP Hole 642B, the pollen percentages of thermophilic tree species (Abies, Picea and Tsuga) also decrease significantly between ca.…”

Section: Vegetation and Climate At 347-335 Mamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…3.48 and 3.45 Ma. At the same time, increased percentages of Poaceae and Cyperaceae pollen as well as Sphagnum and other spores indicate the development of open habitats, suggesting cooler and reoccurring drier and wetter climatic conditions around Lake El'gygytgyn (Andreev et al, 2014). The peak in Sphagnum spores at ca.…”

Section: Vegetation and Climate At 347-335 Mamentioning

confidence: 96%

“…3.43 Ma in ODP Site 642B coincides with an increase in Sphagnum spores in the Lake El'gygytgyn record, suggesting wetter climatic conditions both in northern Norway and the Siberian Arctic. A biome reconstruction for Lake El'gygytgyn suggests the first appearance of tundra during a cool interval, lasting from 3.39 to 3.31 Ma (Andreev et al, 2014). A thinning of the forests and spread of Ericaceae shrubs and Lycopodiaceae is also recorded at Lake Baikal at 3.47 Ma, but warm conditions prevail until 3.5 Ma (Demske et al, 2002).…”

Section: Vegetation and Climate At 347-335 Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to the present, high-resolution vegetation records with a robust age control are missing for the surroundings of the North Atlantic and Nordic Seas, and it is unclear whether the available palaeoclimate records represent the full variability or peak warm phases of the Piacenzian only. A recently published high-resolution pollen record from Lake El'gygytgyn in the north-eastern Russian Arctic reveals major changes in the dominant biome distribution during the Piacenzian, ranging from temperate cool mixed forests to Arctic shrub tundra vegetation (Andreev et al, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

et al. 2016

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Abstract.Little is known about the terrestrial response of high-latitude Scandinavian vegetation to the warmerthan-present climate of the late Pliocene (Piacenzian, 3.60-2.58 Ma). In order to assess Piacenzian terrestrial climate variability, we present the first high-resolution reconstruction of vegetation and climate change in northern Norway between 3.6 and 3.14 Ma. The reconstructions are derived from pollen assemblages in the marine sediments of ODP Hole 642B, Norwegian Sea (67 • N). The palynological assemblages provide a unique record of latitudinal and altitudinal shifting of the forest boundaries, with vegetation alternating between cool temperate forest during warmerthan-present intervals and boreal forest similar to today during cooler intervals. The northern boundary of the nemoral to boreonemoral forest zone was displaced at least 4-8 • further north, and warmest-month temperatures were 6-14.5 • C higher than at present during warm phases. Warm climatic conditions persisted during the earliest Piacenzian (ca. 3.6-3.47 Ma) with diverse cool temperate nemoral to boreonemoral forests growing in the lowlands of the Scandinavian mountains. A distinct cooling event at ca. 3.47 Ma resulted in a southward shift of vegetation zones, leading to the predominance of boreal forest and the development of open, low alpine environments. The cooling culminated around 3.3 Ma, coinciding with Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) M2. Warmer climate conditions returned after ca. 3.29 Ma, with higher climate variability indicated by the repeated expansion of forests and peatlands during warmer and cooler periods, respectively. Climate progressively cooled after 3.18 Ma, resembling climatic conditions during MIS M2. A high variability of Norwegian vegetation and climate changes during the Piacenzian is superimposed on a long-term cooling trend. This cooling was accompanied by an expansion of Sphagnum peatlands that potentially contributed to the decline in atmospheric CO 2 concentrations at the end of the Piacenzian warm period and facilitated ice growth through positive vegetation-snow albedo feedbacks. Correlations with other Northern Hemisphere vegetation records suggest hemisphere-wide effects of climate cooling.

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Section: Vegetation and Climate At 360-347 Mamentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Vegetation and Climate At 347-335 Mamentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Vegetation and Climate At 347-335 Mamentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Vegetation and Climate At 347-335 Mamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

et al. 2016

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Archaeal lipids reveal climate‐driven changes in microbial ecology at Lake El'gygytgyn (Far East Russia) during the Plio‐Pleistocene

Daniels

Castañeda

Salacup

et al. 2021

J Quaternary Science

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Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs) are commonly preserved molecular biomarkers of archaea whose distributions can be used to reconstruct past temperature, and possibly, methane and nitrogen cycling. To date, iGDGT systematics have not been widely investigated in Arctic lacustrine environments. Here, we analyze iGDGTs in sediments of Lake El'gygytgyn, located in the Russian Arctic, to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions from the Pliocene to today using TEX86 and other indices. The TEX86‐inferred temperature history shows a long‐term warming trend, in stark contrast to other Arctic records and other proxies from Lake El'gygytgyn, suggesting that non‐temperature factors obfuscate the use of TEX86 at this site. Other GDGT‐based indices including the BIT Index, ΔRing Index, Methane Index and the GDGT‐0/crenarchaeol ratio suggest that TEX86 is strongly influenced by archaeal community changes. The most significant community shifts are observed c. 2.4 Ma and record an increase in Euryarchaeota production and/or a decrease in Thaumarchaeota production, which was driven by the establishment of permafrost and perennial lake ice during the early Pleistocene. Overall, this study demonstrates an important interpretative framework for iGDGTs in lacustrine systems and describes variations in Arctic climate and lake biogeochemistry over timescales of thousands to millions of years.

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What and where are periglacial landscapes?

Murton

2021

Permafrost & Periglacial

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Uncertainties about landscape evolution under cold, nonglacial conditions raise a question fundamental to periglacial geomorphology: what and where are periglacial landscapes? To answer this, with an emphasis on lowland periglacial areas, the present study distinguishes between characteristic and polygenetic periglacial landscapes, and considers how complete is the footprint of periglaciation? Using a conceptual framework of landscape sensitivity and change, the study applies four geological criteria (periglacial persistence, extraglacial regions, ice-rich substrates, and aggradation of sediment and permafrost) through the last 3.5 million years of the late Cenozoic to identify permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere. In limited areas of unglaciated permafrost regions are characteristic periglacial landscapes whose morphology has been adjusted essentially to present (i.e., Holocene interglacial) process conditions, namely thermokarst landscapes, and mixed periglacial-alluvial and periglacial-deltaic landscapes. More widespread in past and present permafrost regions are polygenetic periglacial landscapes, which inherit ancient landsurfaces on which periglacial landforms are superimposed to varying degrees, presently or previously. Such landscapes comprise relict accumulation plains and aprons, frostsusceptible and nonfrost-susceptible terrains, cryopediments, and glacial-periglacial landscapes. Periglaciation can produce topographic fingerprints at mesospatial scales (10 3 -10 5 m): (1) relict accumulation plains and aprons form where long-term sedimentation buried landsurfaces; and (2) plateaux with convexo-concave hillslopes and inset with valleys, formed by bedrock brecciation, mass wasting, and stream incision in frost-susceptible terrain.

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Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene vegetation history of northeastern Russian Arctic inferred from the Lake El'gygytgyn pollen record

Cited by 53 publications

References 51 publications

Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

Climate variability and long-term expansion of peatlands in Arctic Norway during the late Pliocene (ODP Site 642, Norwegian Sea)

Archaeal lipids reveal climate‐driven changes in microbial ecology at Lake El'gygytgyn (Far East Russia) during the Plio‐Pleistocene

What and where are periglacial landscapes?

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