Late Pleistocene shortening rate on the northern margin of the Yanqi Basin, southeastern Tian Shan, NW China

Wei-liang, Huang; Yang, Xiaoping; Li, An; Pierce, Ian; Thompson, Jessica A.; Angster, Stephen J.; Zhang, Ling

doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.08.024

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…A. Thompson et al, ; X. Wang et al, ). Presently, the piedmont regions of these mountains are dominated by active thrusting and folding, whose mechanisms include emergent thrusting (Grützner et al, ; Hubert‐Ferrari et al, ; Y. Li et al, ; Thompson‐Jobe et al, ), active‐hinge migration (Goode et al, ; Hubert‐Ferrari et al, ; T. Li et al, ; S. C. Thompson et al, ), fixed‐hinge rotation (e.g., Huang et al, ; T. Li et al, , ; Saint‐Carlier et al, ; Scharer et al, ), flexural‐slip faulting (T. Li et al, ), and bending‐moment normal faulting.…”

Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Cross section (location in Figure a) of the Haermodun anticline defined from field geologic mapping. Modified from Huang et al (). BMnF = bending‐moment normal fault.…”

Section: The Haermodun Anticline In the Hejing Fold Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pamir‐western Kunlun and southern Tian Shan regions, northwestern China, are dominated by active thrusting and folding in their piedmonts and major intermontane basins (e.g., Allen et al, ; Goode et al, ; Huang et al, ; Hubert‐Ferrari et al, ; T. Li et al, , ; Saint‐Carlier et al, ; Scharer et al, ; S. C. Thompson et al, ; Thompson‐Jobe et al, ). Previous studies (Avouac & Peltzer, ; Heermance et al, ; Huang et al, ; T. Li et al, , ) and our new surveys document numerous sets of well‐developed FSF scarps and bending‐moment normal fault (BMnF) scarps (Figure ). The majority of FSF scarps are present in the western corner of the Tarim Basin where the Pamir and southern Tian Shan are converging at a high rate of ~7–11 mm/a (T. Li et al, ; Thompson‐Jobe et al, ), whereas the majority of BMnF scarps are present on the western Kunlun piedmont, where the modern convergent rate is <2.0 mm/a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Active Bending‐Moment Faulting: Geomorphic Expression, Controlling Conditions, Accommodation of Fold Deformation

Chen

Jobe

et al. 2018

Tectonics

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Bending-moment faults and flexural-slip faults (FSFs), as two basic fault styles due to bending-related tangential longitudinal strain, extensively and prominently crop out as surface scarps in the Pamir-western Kunlun and southern Tian Shan regions, northwestern China. Characteristic geomorphic expression, favorable formation conditions, and the role in folding accommodation of active FSFs have been systematically summarized in our recent studies. Here we investigate similar properties for well-developed bending-moment normal fault (BMnF) scarps at four sites. Our study concludes the following: (i) BMnF scarps are relatively sinuous compared to FSF scarps and probably trend obliquely to the fold hinge. A group of BMnF scarps can delineate a single asymmetric graben or create grabens alternating with horsts. (ii) BMnF scarps primarily overlie poorly-layered conglomerates. The fold's interlimb angle can range from~160°to <40°, and the folding kinematics can vary from active-hinge migration to fixed-hinge rotation. (iii) The fault-zone width, fault spacing, and efficiency in folding accommodation significantly decrease with (a) thinner conglomerate beds, (b) a smaller interlimb angle, and (c) the transition of the hinge from migrated to fixed. (iv) Different bed lithologies and fold geometries beneath the surface account for the predominance of BMnF scarps on the western Kunlun piedmont and FSF scarps in the Pamir-Tian Shan convergent zone.(v) Presence of BMnF scarps on the western Kunlun piedmont indicates that~4 km of fault slip is transferred northward along a detachment at the base of the Cenozoic and is ultimately absorbed by the Mazatagh Thrust in the Tarim Basin.

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Section: Geologic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(b) Cross section (location in Figure a) of the Haermodun anticline defined from field geologic mapping. Modified from Huang et al (). BMnF = bending‐moment normal fault.…”

Section: The Haermodun Anticline In the Hejing Fold Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Active Bending‐Moment Faulting: Geomorphic Expression, Controlling Conditions, Accommodation of Fold Deformation

Chen

Jobe

et al. 2018

Tectonics

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“…The Tian Shan Mountains, which were reactivated in response to the Cenozoic India-Eurasia collision (Avouac et al, 1993;Molnar & Tapponnier, 1975;Tapponnier & Molnar, 1979;Yin et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 1996), represent a typical convergent orogenic belt within the Eurasian continent (Figure 1a). Although foreland thrust faults and folds have been well studied (e.g., Allen et al, 1994Allen et al, , 1999Avouac et al, 1993;Burchfiel et al, 1999;Charreau et al, 2006Charreau et al, , 2009Deng et al, 2000;Fu et al, 2003;Gong et al, 2015;Guan et al, 2007;Huang et al, 2015;Liu et al, 1994;Lu et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 1996), the deformation characteristics and slip partitioning in the inner Tian Shan remain poorly constrained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oblique Thrust of the Maidan Fault and Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation in the Southwestern Tian Shan, Northwestern China

Zheng

Zhang

et al. 2019

Tectonics

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The Maidan fault, which is an east‐northeast trending fault in the southwestern Tian Shan, is a sinistral reverse fault that extends more than 400 km in length and constitutes the boundary between the southwestern Tian Shan and the Tarim Basin. Here we quantify its late Quaternary activity based on the interpretations of high‐resolution remote sensing images and detailed field investigations. In the Aheqi valley, an ~150‐km‐long active fault can be divided into northeastern and southwestern segments based on variations in its strike and geometry. Based on the analysis of its offset geomorphological features and the dating of Quaternary sediments, we estimate the late Quaternary shortening rate across the fault to be 1.19 ± 0.25 mm/year, the sinistral strike‐slip rate to be 1.56 ± 0.64 mm/year, and the oblique thrust rate to be 1.96 ± 0.69 mm/year. Active tectonics, GPS crustal deformation data, and seismic activity indicate that the deformation in the southwestern Tian Shan is characterized by out‐of‐sequence thrust faulting and folding. Late Quaternary deformation has been partitioned into low‐angle thrust faulting along the Kalpin Tagh foreland fold and thrust system and sinistral reverse faulting along the high‐angle range‐front Maidan fault. The sinistral Maidan fault acts as a nucleation point for slip partitioning system, which can be viewed as positive flower structure with its surrounding thrust faults.

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“…Due to feedback, these secondary structures will influence fold development, for example, the fold geometry, the causative fault plane formation, and upward propagation (Mitra, 2002;Niño et al, 1998;Roering et al, 1997). Diverse mechanisms work together to produce various foldingrelated geomorphic expressions, such as fold scarps (e.g., Hubert-Ferrari et al, 2007;Le Béon et al, 2014;Li et al, 2015a;Thompson et al, 2002), land-surface tilting and warping (e.g., Daëron et al, 2007;Rockwell et al, 1988;Saint-Carlier et al,2016;Simoes et al, 2007), and flexural-slip and bending-moment fault scarps (e.g., Huang et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015bLi et al, , 2016Rockwell et al, 1984;Yeats et al, 1997), as well as an assemblage of different patterns (e.g., Ishiyama et al, 2004;Kelsey et al, 2008;Li et al, 2015b;Philip and Meghraoui, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Flexural‐Slip Faulting: Controls Exerted by Stratigraphy, Geometry, and Fold Kinematics

Chen

Jobe

et al. 2017

JGR Solid Earth

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Flexural slip plays an important role in accommodating fold growth, and its topographic expression, flexural‐slip fault (FSF) scarps, may be one of the most commonly occurring secondary structures in areas dominated by active thrusts and folds. Where FSF scarps are present and what factors control their occurrence, however, are typically poorly known. Through an investigation of clearly expressed FSF scarps, well‐preserved fluvial terraces, and well‐exposed bedrock at eight sites in the Pamir‐Tian Shan convergent zone and Kuche fold belt, NW China, we summarize the most favorable conditions for active flexural‐slip faulting. Our study yields six key results. First, flexural slip operates commonly in well‐layered beds, although uncommonly can occur in massive, poorly layered beds as well. Second, in well‐layered beds, the slip surface is commonly located either (a) close to the contact of competent and incompetent beds or (b) within thin incompetent beds. Third, FSF scarps are always found overlying steep beds with dips of ~30–100°. Fourth, slip surfaces are typically spaced between ~10 and 440 m but can reach up to ~600 m. Fifth, FSF scarps at most sites can be observed far away from the hinge‐migrated fold scarps, suggesting that compared to hinge migration, limb rotation is generally required to accumulate flexural slip and produce associated topographic scarps. Finally, a higher regional convergent rate seems to facilitate the creation of FSF scarps more often than lower rates, whereas well‐preserved, old terraces capped by thin deposits are more likely to record FSF scarps than unevenly preserved, young terraces with thick sedimentary caps.

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Late Pleistocene shortening rate on the northern margin of the Yanqi Basin, southeastern Tian Shan, NW China

Cited by 23 publications

References 71 publications

Active Bending‐Moment Faulting: Geomorphic Expression, Controlling Conditions, Accommodation of Fold Deformation

Active Bending‐Moment Faulting: Geomorphic Expression, Controlling Conditions, Accommodation of Fold Deformation

Oblique Thrust of the Maidan Fault and Late Quaternary Tectonic Deformation in the Southwestern Tian Shan, Northwestern China

Active Flexural‐Slip Faulting: Controls Exerted by Stratigraphy, Geometry, and Fold Kinematics

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