Late Pleistocene hominin teeth from Laoya Cave, southern China

Xing, Song; Guan, Ying; O'Hara, Mackie C.; Huiyang, Cai; Wang, Xiaomin; Gao, Xing

doi:10.1537/ase.170802

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Gaomiao is far away from Southern Chinese Neolithic populations in both PCA, Euclidean distance analysis and clustering despite its geographic and temporal proximity to NS, which confirms the previous findings of Matsumura et al (2017). The complexity of East Asian population history at the Late Pleistocene–Holocene transition is even more evident when other fossils from Southern China are considered, such as those from Laoya cave, Dushan cave, Longlin and Maludong (Curnoe et al, 2012; Liao et al, 2019; Xing et al, 2017; Yu, 1984). Current hypotheses suggested to account for this variation range from gene flow and admixture from archaic humans or Neanderthals, that is, introgressive hybridization (Bae et al, 2017), to the late survival of early modern human groups (Liao et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morphometric analysis of Late Pleistocene human fossils, such as those from Qafzeh and Skhul, Nazlet Khater, Oase, and Hofmyer (Crevecoeur et al, 2009;Quintyn, 1999;Shea & Bar-Yosef, 2005) Laoya cave, Dushan cave, Longlin and Maludong (Curnoe et al, 2012;Liao et al, 2019;Xing et al, 2017;Yu, 1984). Current hypotheses suggested to account for this variation range from gene flow and admixture from archaic humans or Neanderthals, that is, introgressive hybridization (Bae et al, 2017), to the late survival of early modern human groups (Liao et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The geographical complexity subsequentially increased the uncertainty of the stratigraphic history and the dating of human fossils, such as in the case of Fuyan Cave (Liu et al, 2015; Michel et al, 2016) and Huanglong Cave (Liu et al, 2010; Shen et al, 2013). Also, with an increasing human fossil record in Southern China from early to Late Pleistocene (Bae et al, 2014; Liao et al, 2019; Xing et al, 2017; Yao et al, 2020), more attention should be paid to geographical barriers as impediments in the process of migration, expansion, contraction and extinction of human populations (Bae et al, 2018). As shown by the genetic evidence of the Ust'‐Ishim femur from Siberia and the Pestera çu Oase mandible from Romania (Fu et al, 2014; Fu et al, 2015), there are possibilities for early modern humans to die out without contributing much to the genetic makeup of later modern human populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growing evidence seems to indicate the Late Pleistocene to Holocene transition is the key period for the diversification of Northern and Southern Chinese Neolithic populations. Recent human fossil discoveries provide a new perspective on Late Pleistocene human diversity with a shifting focus on Southwestern and Southern China, for example, human remains from Laoya Cave, Dushan Cave, Longlin, and Maludong (Curnoe et al, 2012; Liao et al, 2019; Xing et al, 2017). Their mosaic morphology, which includes both archaic and derived features, complexifies the population history of East Asians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An early Holocene human skull from Zhaoguo cave, Southwestern China

Zhang

et al. 2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: In this study, we describe a newly excavated early Holocene human cranium from Guizhou, Southwestern China, namely the Zhaoguo M1 (ZG 1). We aim to evaluate its morphological resemblance with Late Pleistocene human, and Northern and Southern China Neolithic populations. We also aim to infer its position in the process of East Asian population regionalization. Materials and Methods: The ZG 1 skull is almost complete, only missing parts of the right parietal and the basicranium around the foramen magnum. Comparative samples include Late Pleistocene humans and Neolithic populations from Northern and Southern China. Univariate and multivariate analyses are carried out in the study. Results: ZG 1 has a dolichocephalic cranium, wide zygomatic breadth, moderate glabella and supraobtial projection, marked canine fossa, and thin cranial vault. The nasal floor, maximum cranial breadth position, and frontal arc proportion are all congruent with modern human. Statistical analysis suggests that ZG 1's measurements are most similar to those of Southern China Neolithic specimens, with some closer to Late Pleistocene humans. Conclusion: ZG 1 shows a clear affinity with Southern China Neolithic populations, providing further support that regionalization of morphological variability patterns between Northern and Southern Neolithic populations could have originated at least 10,000 years ago.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An early Holocene human skull from Zhaoguo cave, Southwestern China

Zhang

et al. 2021

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…Third molars are known to be the most variable tooth type in the dental arcade in terms of developmental timing as well as morphology (Garn, Lewis, & Vicinus, ; Hägg & Taranger, ; Martinón‐Torres, Bermúdez de Castro, Gómez‐Robles, Prado‐Simón, & Arsuaga, ; Xing et al, ). It is currently unclear whether the diverse kinds of variations exhibited by third molars conform to the PCM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A third molar from Rathfarnham, Dublin, and the patterning cascade model

Clark

Guatelli‐Steinberg

2018

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The patterning cascade model (PCM) explains variation in cusp morphology in mammalian teeth. According to the PCM, cusp development is constrained by the time and space available for morphogenesis and by signalling molecules that create inhibitory zones around enamel knots, thereby preventing the formation of new enamel knots within a circumscribed region surrounding previously formed enamel knots.New enamel knots can only form outside of these inhibitory zones. A tooth with more cusps would therefore be expected to have smaller intercusp distances relative to crown size than a tooth with fewer cusps. This paper seeks to ascertain whether a young adult (68:1) excavated from a medieval site in Rathfarnam, County Dublin, Ireland. This unusual six-cusped, five-rooted left maxillary third molar was found during an assessment of skeletal remains at the National Museum of Ireland. This tooth deviates from the expected phenotype of between four and five cusps and two and three roots for third molars (M3s). To evaluate whether this tooth conforms to PCM predictions, bucco-lingual and mesio-distal diameters and intercusp distances were measured. The approximate crown area is 149.78 mm 2 . The ratio of intercusp distance to the approximate crown area (i.e., the relative average intercusp distance) is 0.351. This ratio is the lowest in the sample and falls well below the means of the relative average intercusp distance of all M3s (0.496) as well as all molars (0.486) in the sample. These results suggest that the unusual crown morphology of this tooth does not represent a deviation from the PCM. This upper left third molar exhibits partial root completion, whereas the remaining M3s of this individual exhibit complete root growth. We speculate that given the delayed developmental stage of this tooth, its unusual morphology might be related to a shift in developmental timing.

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Three-dimensional geometric morphometric study of the Xuchang 2 cranium

Zhang

2023

Journal of Human Evolution

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Late Pleistocene hominin teeth from Laoya Cave, southern China

Cited by 6 publications

References 35 publications

An early Holocene human skull from Zhaoguo cave, Southwestern China

An early Holocene human skull from Zhaoguo cave, Southwestern China

A third molar from Rathfarnham, Dublin, and the patterning cascade model

Three-dimensional geometric morphometric study of the Xuchang 2 cranium

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