Late Pleistocene glaciers and climate in the Mediterranean

Hughes, Philip D.; Woodward, Jamie; Gibbard, Philip L.

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.07.005

Cited by 126 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The LGM dates obtained from Turkey are in accordance with LGM moraine ages from other mountains in Eastern Europe (Hughes et al, 2006;Woodward et al, 2008) and the European Alps . More, the dates obtained from Turkish mountains are contemporaneous with the lowest sea level during MIS 2 (120-135 m below current sea level) (Martinson et al, 1987;Yokoyama et al, 2000) and also with the ice cores, marine isotope series and global LGM (19-23 ka).…”

Section: Why Are Glaciation Signs Not Observedsupporting

confidence: 78%

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Late Pleistocene Glaciations and Paleoclimate of Turkey

Sarıkaya¹,

Çiner²

2015

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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Glaciers respond quickly to climatic changes and thus they are considered to be very accurate indicators of changes in atmospheric conditions. Similarly, the extent of past glaciers gives valuable insights into paleoclimatic changes. For this purpose, we reviewed the paleo-glaciated mountains where cosmogenic surface exposure dating was applied in Turkey. We also evaluated the paleoclimatic results obtained from these studies to provide a regional overview. Twenty-seven mountains in Turkey are high enough to support Quaternary valley glaciers or ice caps. The timing of glaciations was reported mainly by cosmogenic dating of moraines. We re-evaluated the dated sites and recalculated some of the published cosmogenic ages using the up-to-date production rates. The oldest geochronological records reported from the region belong to the glaciations before the globally defined Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). These glaciers developed probably during the beginning of the last glaciation (MIS 4; 71 ka ago) and stopped advancing at the end of the MIS 3 (at 29-35 ka ago). Later, glaciers expanded and reached to their most extensive locations during MIS 2 (after 29 ka ago). They reached maximum extents between 21.5 ka ago and 18.5 ka ago. This local-LGM was synchronous with the global-LGM. After the LGM, the glaciers started to retreat to less extensive positions and deposited their moraines 16 ka ago during the Late Glacial. The Younger Dryas (~12 ka ago) advances were also reported from a limited number of mountains. Rare Early Holocene glaciations were dated to 8.5 ka in the interior regions. Late Holocene (1-4 ka ago) and Little Ice Age (between 1300-1850 AD) advances were also observed. We reconstructed the paleoclimate using glacier modeling together with paleoclimate proxy data from several regions. The results show that LGM climate was 8-11°C colder than today and moisture levels were 1.5 to 2 times in SW Turkey, somewhat similar to modern values in central parts and 30 % drier in the NE. The Late Glacial was colder by 4.5-6.4°C based on up to 50 % wetter conditions. The Early Holocene was 2.1-4.9°C colder and up to twice as wet as today, while the Late Holocene was 2.4-3°C colder and its precipitation amounts approached to similar conditions as today.

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Section: Why Are Glaciation Signs Not Observedsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…In fact, there are traces of similar Younger Dryas glacial chronology in the mountains of southern Europe (Hughes et al, 2006). Similar Younger Dryas glacial chronologies are found in the French Maritime Alps (Federici et al, 2008), the Apennine Mountains in Italy (Giraudi and Frezzotti, 1997) and in Montenegro .…”

Section: Sparse Glaciation In the Younger Dryassupporting

confidence: 60%

Late Pleistocene Glaciations and Paleoclimate of Turkey

Sarıkaya¹,

Çiner²

2015

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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“…Large-scale data from North Atlantic ice cores are useful for broadly classifying climate change in the eastern Adriatic. The sensitivity of the Mediterranean region to the North Atlantic Ocean has been established (Allen et al, 1999, Hughes et al, 2006 and some terrestrial proxies such as speleothem and lake-level records show North Atlantic climate events as far east as Israel (Bar-Matthews et al, 1999, Bartov et al, 2003. Davis et al (2003) provide reconstructions of the temperature across Europe for the last 12,000 years and suggest that differences in climate over the continent varied widely both seasonally and spatially, but that mean annual temperature increased almost linearly up until 7,800 years ago.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long hard road… Reviewing the evidence for environmental change and population history in the eastern Adriatic and western Balkans during the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene

Birch

Linden

2018

Quaternary International

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The eastern Adriatic and western Balkans are key areas for assessing the environmental and population history of Europe during the Late Pleistocene and early Holocene. It has been argued that the Balkan region served as a Late Glacial refugium for humans, animals, and plants, much like Iberia and the Italian Peninsula and in contrast to the harsh conditions of Eastern and Central Europe. As post-glacial amelioration occurred and sea level rose, these regions to the north and west of the Balkan Mountains became forested and were populated by Mesolithic forager-fishers. Meanwhile, to the south, the domestication of plants and animals in the Near East began to cause large-scale environmental as well as lifestyle changes. Even as the Balkan Peninsula was a likely crossroads on the route for the spread of agriculture and herding from Southwest Asia into Europe, issues such as pre-Neolithic settlement, the discussion of human-environment interactions, and the role of climate events such as the 11.4, 9.3, and 8.2 ka cal BP in this critical landscape are often overlooked. Efforts to counter this challenge have been hampered by an apparent lack of data, so that the region hardly occurs in distribution maps. In part this is due to patchy research and a complicated political history, which have contributed to a fragmented archaeological and paleoecological record. Yet, as we show here, there is in fact plenty of evidence available for review. We present a survey of different proxies for environment and settlement throughout the Late Pleistocene and into the Early Holocene, combining radiocarbon data with zooarchaeological, lithic, and palynological records. By mapping this evidence, we are able to discuss the impact of climate change during the Pleistocene/Holocene transition and consider the role of environment and landscape on human population distribution at this crossroads in place and time.

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“…During MIS 12, evidence for the oldest glaciers in the Mediterranean mountains also appears (Hughes et al, 2006(Hughes et al, , 2010(Hughes et al, , 2013Kuhleman et al, 2008). This significant continental ice advance is related to the anomalously thick loess unit L5 in the Danubian loess, again reinforcing the link between loess accumulation in the basin and glacial intensity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%