Late Pleistocene genesis of the middle Yarlung Zhangbo Valley, southern Tibet (China), as deduced by sedimentological and luminescence data

Kaiser, Knut; Lai, Zhongping; Schneider, Birgit; Junge, Frank W.

doi:10.1016/j.quageo.2009.01.005

Cited by 28 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Furthermore, the TOC values of these layers are similar to those of the dammed lake sediments downstream of the middle Yarlung Tsangpo (Kaiser et al . ; Zhu et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeo‐lake in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, Tibet, China

Feng

Chen

2017

Boreas

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2017 (July): d 18 O and d 13 C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeoA series of confirmed and suspected dammed palaeo-lake sedimentary successions is scattered within the middle Yarlung Tsangpo valley in Tibet. However, the chronology, the genesis of the dam and its location, the water level of the dammed lake, the process of dam failure and the spatiotemporal relationships between the sedimentary successions remain controversial. Here, we focus on one sedimentary succession of the suspected dammed palaeolake at Xigazê. We measured the grain-size distribution, magnetic susceptibility, organic and inorganic carbon content, and d 13 C org and d 15 N total ratios of the sediments. In addition, we measured the d 18 O shell and d 13 C shell values of modern and fossil Radix sp. shells, and the d 18 O water and d 13 C DIC values of the ambient water with different hydrological regimes. The results indicate that the d 18 O shell values of modern Radix sp. and the d 18 O water of the ambient water body significantly depend on its hydrological status. In addition, a strong positive relationship was observed between d 18 O shell values of modern Radix sp. shells and the d 18 O water of the ambient water on the Tibetan Plateau. According to this correlation, the d 18 O water values of the palaeo-water body are reconstructed using the d 18 O shell values of Radix sp. fossil shells in the Xigazê section. Further, based on the d 18 O shell values of fossil Radix sp., the reconstructed d 18 O water of the palaeo-water body and the specific habitats of Radix sp., we infer that the sedimentary succession in the Xigazê broad valley was mainly formed within the backwater terminal zone of a dammed palaeo-lake and that the elevation of the water level of the lake was approximately 3811 m a.s.l. AMS 14 C dating indicates that the deposits of the dammed palaeo-lake were formed at about 33-22 cal. ka BP. Finally, the presence of Radix sp. fossil shells within the Xigazê section suggests that Radix sp. survived the late Last Glacial Period on the Tibetan Plateau.

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“…Furthermore, the TOC values of these layers are similar to those of the dammed lake sediments downstream of the middle Yarlung Tsangpo (Kaiser et al . ; Zhu et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeo‐lake in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, Tibet, China

Feng

Chen

2017

Boreas

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“…The high elevation, high relief, and rapid erosion set the stage for river damming and outburst floods. Sedimentary and geomorphic evidence from Tibet shows that outburst megafloods have occurred repeatedly over the last 50 ka, sourced from glacially impounded lakes in Tibet; failure of lakes as large as 835 Gm 3 unleashed peak discharges up to 5 × 10 6 m 3 /s (Chen et al, 2016;Guangxiang & Xitao, 2007;Guangxiang & Qingli, 2012;Hu et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2014;Kaiser et al, 2010;Korup & Montgomery, 2008;Liu et al, 2015Liu et al, , 2006Liu et al, , 2018Montgomery et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2013Zhu et al, , 2014. Historical outburst floods include those in 1900 and 2000 from landslide-dam impoundments on the Yigong River.…”

Section: Geomorphic Setting and Outburst Floods Of The Tsangpo Gorge mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

2019

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Outburst floods in mountainous landscapes traverse complex topography and interact with the channel and valley walls, producing intense flow hydraulics that drive geomorphic change and impact people and infrastructure. Evidence of modern and ancient outburst floods is scattered around the eastern Himalaya, but hydraulics related to these geomorphic features are uncharacterized, limiting our understanding of the role of large floods in long‐term evolution of the region. Here we combine remote and field observations of the 2000 Yigong River landslide‐dam outburst flood with 2‐D numerical flood simulations using the software GeoClaw. Modeling results agree with field evidence to the extent that we judge the simulated hydraulics to be relevant to flood hazard and geomorphic investigations. Results show that the hydraulics of outburst floods through rugged topography differ from those expected for nonflood flows, in magnitude and in the spatial patterns of flow speed, direction, and shear stress. The flood produced sustained high bed shear stresses capable of plucking meter‐scale blocks immediately downstream of breach, in the steep Tsangpo Gorge, and in isolated locations associated with valley constrictions. Simulated shear stresses suggest that outburst floods deposited numerous kilometer‐scale boulder bars observed along the flood pathway, armoring the bed, increasing channel roughness, and inhibiting incision in locations that would not be predicted for nonflood flows. Our findings highlight the potential for different magnitude flows to promote not only different amounts, but also different patterns of bedrock erosion, with implications for the role of prehistoric megafloods in the topographic evolution of the eastern Himalaya.

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“…Although more evidence is needed, glacier dams may reoccur at the same location by periodic glacier fluctuations. Many other paleo-dammed lakes found on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau occurred in the Last Glacial period, such as Songzong dammed lake (Yuan and Zeng, 2012) and Gonggar Lake (Kaiser et al, 2010). We provided one long-standing lake in the Last Glacial period, and thus the damming events may be important for impeding river incision into the plateau interior at a timescale b100 ky (Korup and Montgomery, 2008).…”

Section: Implications For Glacial Damming In the Yarlung Tsangpo Gorgementioning

confidence: 99%

Age and extent of a giant glacial-dammed lake at Yarlung Tsangpo gorge in the Tibetan Plateau

Liu

Lai

et al. 2015

Geomorphology

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Late Pleistocene genesis of the middle Yarlung Zhangbo Valley, southern Tibet (China), as deduced by sedimentological and luminescence data

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeo‐lake in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, Tibet, China

δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeo‐lake in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, Tibet, China

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

Age and extent of a giant glacial-dammed lake at Yarlung Tsangpo gorge in the Tibetan Plateau

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Late Pleistocene genesis of the middle Yarlung Zhangbo Valley, southern Tibet (China), as deduced by sedimentological and luminescence data

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

δ18O and δ13C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeo‐lake in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, Tibet, China

δ18O and δ13C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeo‐lake in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, Tibet, China

The Geomorphic Impact of Outburst Floods: Integrating Observations and Numerical Simulations of the 2000 Yigong Flood, Eastern Himalaya

Age and extent of a giant glacial-dammed lake at Yarlung Tsangpo gorge in the Tibetan Plateau

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δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeo‐lake in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, Tibet, China

δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C in fossil shells of Radix sp. from the sediment succession of a dammed palaeo‐lake in the Yarlung Tsangpo valley, Tibet, China