Subsidence of the land surface occurs in three extensive areas in the San Joaquin Valley and in the peat lands of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta at the north end of the valley. Subsidence hi the three valley areas is related mainly to progressive lowering of the artesian head in confined aquifers. In the Los Banos-Kettleman City area, largely in western Fresno County, more than 1,100 square miles has subsided at least 1 foot, and maximum subsidence in 1960 was about 22 feet. The maximum yearly rate of subsidence is about 1 foot. Locally, on the western and southern flanks of the valley, subsidence also has followed application of irrigation water to certain deposits of subnormal moisture content above the water table. This near-surface subsidence, which exceeds 10 feet in places, is superposed on the subsidence due to compaction of the aquifer system beneath. The character, extent, and rate of the subsidence in the valley are described in preliminary form in an earlier report (Inter-Agency Committee, 1958) and are being described in detail in U.S. Geological Survey reports now (1964) in preparation. Subsidence poses serious problems in the construction and maintenance of engineering structures, especially in large canals for water transport, but also in irrigation distribution systems, pipelines, roads, and drainage systems; it also affects land use. Two existing large canals pass through subsiding areas, and the authorized California aqueduct of the State and the San Luis project canal of the Bureau of Reclamation will pass through many tens of miles of subsiding ground. Thus, the extent, magnitude, and rate of past subsidence and the expected amount of future change in altitude of the land surface are-of paramount importance in the planning, construction, and maintenance of such major structures. Compaction of aquifer systems, the principal factor in the subsidence, also has an effect on the groundwater yield and causes casing failures. Because of the problems in water development and distribution caused by subsidence, the Geological Survey in cooperation with the California Department of Water Resources began a study of these subsiding areas in 1956. The objectives of this study are: 1. To provide vertical control on the land surface to measure the extent, rate, and magnitude of subsidence (a vital supporting program by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey). 2. To determine causes of the subsidence, the part attributable to different causes, and the depth range in which subsidence is occurring. 3. To estimate the rates and amounts of subsidence that would occur in the future under assumed conditions; to determine whether any part of the subsidence is reversible, and if so, how much; and to suggest any methods that could be used to decrease or alleviate subsidence. The first report resulting wholly from the cooperative program with the State is the following paper by W. B. Bull on "Alluvial Fans and Near-Surface Subsidence in Western Fresno County, Calif." Other reports in progress or planned are: Subsidence du...