Late Pleistocene and Holocene tephras in the Tokara Islands, southern Japan

Moriwaki, Hiroshi; Nagasako, Toshiro; Arai, Fusao

doi:10.4116/jaqua.48.271

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…1) (Machida, 2010). More than 20 tephra beds have been recorded from those volcanoes between AT and K-Ah tephras (Moriwaki, 2010). Of these tephras, Sakurajima-Satsuma tephra (Sz-S) from Sakurajima volcano in the Aira volcanic centre (Kobayashi, 1986;Moriwaki, 1992;Machida and Arai, 2003) and Noike-Yumugi (N-Ym) from Kuchierabujima Island on the northern edge of the Tokara volcanic island chain (Geshi and Kobayashi, 2006;Moriwaki et al 2009), are the most voluminous, suggesting that M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sakurajima-Satsuma (Sz-S) and Noike-Yumugi (N-Ym) tephras: New tephrochronological marker beds for the last deglaciation, southern Kyushu, Japan

Moriwaki

Suzuki

Murata

et al. 2011

Quaternary International

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Two prominent tephras, Sakurajima-Satsuma (Sz-S) erupted from Sakurajima volcano and Noike-Yumugi (N-Ym) erupted from Kuchierabujima Island, provide new key marker beds for dating and synchronizing palaeoenvironmental and archaeological records in the last deglaciation in southern Japan. These tephras were identified on the basis of glass major-element compositions in two distal areas, a marine core (IMAGES MD98-2195) in the northern part of the East China Sea and on the central part of Tanegashima Island, and related their stratigraphic positions to the marine oxygen isotope-based chronology. In MD98-2195, Sz-S, 0.8 cm in thickness at 9.12 m depth and N-Ym, 3 cm in thickness at 9.30 m depth, are both white, vitric, ash-grade tephras. On Tanegashima Island, Sz-S, 10 cm in thickness and N-Ym, 3 cm in thickness, are stratigraphically constrained by well-characterised marker tephras Kikai-Akahoya (7,300 cal BP) and Aira-Tn (29,000 cal BP). Sz-S is rhyolitic and homogeneous on the basis of glass major-element compositions assayed by electron microprobe. Pumiceous glass shards predominant in distal Sz-S tephra indicate that it derived from pumice fall units that correspond to pumiceous and phreatomagmatic fine ash units constituting proximal Sz-S tephra. N-Ym is rhyolitic and glass major-element analyses reveal compositional diversity between units, suggesting that the lower and middle tephra units dispersed to the east, whereas the upper unit was dispersed north to northwest from the vent. Stratigraphically, Sz-S occurs at around the start of the late-glacial reversal (cooling) in oxygen isotope records of MD98-2195, corresponding to the end of GI-1 and the start of GS-1 in the ice-core events of NGRIP (GICC05), consistent with a terrestrial age of ~12,800 cal BP. Based on the oxygen isotope stratigraphy, the tephra identified in the core as N-Ym at 9.30 m depth is close to the end of Greenland GI-1 and hence has an age of ~13,000 cal BP, but on

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sakurajima-Satsuma (Sz-S) and Noike-Yumugi (N-Ym) tephras: New tephrochronological marker beds for the last deglaciation, southern Kyushu, Japan

Moriwaki

Suzuki

Murata

et al. 2011

Quaternary International

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“…Glass of the Kc-5 tephra that erupted from Kuchinoshima Volcano (Moriwaki et al 2009), which could be placed in a similar horizon, is significantly higher in Si0 2 than the Tn3 and Tn4 ashes. The N-Ym tephra that erupted from Kuchierabujima Volcano (Moriwaki et al 2009) has a similar trend as the Tn3 and Tn4 ashes in Figure 3, but with a stratigraphie position above the AT ash. Although we cannot report yet the possible correlative for the Tn3 and Tn4 ashes, the chemical characteristics reported in this study will enable us to identify the source vents in the near future.…”

Section: Major Chemical Compositions Of Volcanic Glass Shardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Si02 (wt.%) Figure 3 Harker variation diagrams in weight % (wt%; normalized to an anhydrous basis) for glass shards of Late Pleistocene tephras on Tanegashima Island. Selected tephras from Tokara Islands (Moriwaki et al 2009) and Sakurajima Volcano (Moriwaki et al 2011) are also plotted for comparison. * = Total iron as FeO.…”

Section: Major Chemical Compositions Of Volcanic Glass Shardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the source volcanoes for the Tn3 and Tn4 ashes have not been identified yet (Okuno and Kobayashi 1994). Recently, Moriwaki et al (2009) obtained the major chemical compositions of glass shards from late Pleistocene and Holocene tephra layers in the Tokara Islands ( Figure 1A) using a wavelength dispersive electron probe microanalyzer (WDS-EPMA). Knowing the glass chemistry enables us to find the distal correlatives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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AMS ¹⁴C Dates and Major Element Composition of Glass Shards of Late Pleistocene Tephras on Tanegashima Island, Southern Japan

Okuno

Torii

Naruo³

et al. 2012

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. Four late Pleistocene tephra layers-Tane I (Tnl), II (Tn2), III (Tn3), and IV (Tn4) in ascending order-are intercalated between widespread tephras, Kikai-Tozurahara (K-Tz: 95 ka) and Aira-Tn (AT: 30 cal kBP), on Tanegashima Island, in southern Japan. Paleolithic ruins such as the Yokomine C and Tatikiri archaeological sites were excavated from the loam layer between the Tn4 and Tn3 tephras. To refine the chronological framework on the island, we conducted accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating for 2 paleosol and 6 charcoal samples related with the late Pleistocene tephras and the Yokomine C archaeological site. The obtained 14 C dates are consistent with the stratigraphy in calendar years, 33 cal kBP for Tn4, 40 cal kBP for Tn3, and >50 cal kBP for Tn2 and Tnl. The charcoal dates from Yokomine C, 32-38 cal kBP, not only constrain the age of Tn4 and Tn3 ashes, but also serve as a possible date for the site. We also measured the major element compositions of volcanic glass shards with EDS-ΕΡΜΑ to characterize these tephras. Although we could not find a possible correlative for Tn3 and Tn4 ashes using major element oxides of the glass shards, i.e. 75-76 wt% in Si0 2 , the glass chemistry obtained in this study will be valuable in correlating these tephras with their source volcanoes in the near future.

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“…These volcanoes and volcanic centres (including calderas) have produced numerous tephras in the Quaternary period, and more than 90 tephras have been erupted in the past ~30,000 cal. years (Table 1; Moriwaki, 2010).…”

Section: Tephra-based Chronostratigraphic Framework In Southern Kyushumentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of tephras in developing a high-precision chronostratigraphy for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and archaeology in southern Kyushu, Japan, since 30,000 cal. BP: An integration

Moriwaki

Nakamura

Nagasako

et al. 2016

Quaternary International

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Tephras are important for the chronostratigraphy of palaeoenvironmental and archaeological records in southern Kyushu because numerous tephra beds enable these records to be connected and dated precisely using tephrochronology. A regional tephra-based framework or lattice for the past 30,000 calendar (cal.) years is proposed in the style of recent INTIMATE projects elsewhere. We review stratigraphic, compositional, age, and distributional data for a range of tephras, and comment on the relationship of several marker tephras to distinct palaeoenvironmental and cultural events in the southern Kyushu region since 30,000 cal. BP. More than 90 visible tephra beds are recorded, deriving from Kakuto, Aira, Ata, and Kikai volcanic centres, which incorporate large calderas, and the Tokara volcanic islands. The tephra record is underpinned by two widespread tephras, Aira-Tn tephra (AT; ca. 30,000 cal. BP), and Kikai-Akahoya tephra (K-Ah; ca. 7,300 cal. BP). In addition to AT and K-Ah, locally-distributed marker tephra beds are related to the chronostratigraphy of terrestrial and marine palaeoenvironments including sea-level and coastal environments, vegetation, and culture. Some tephras, notably AT, K-Ah, and Sakurajima-Satsuma tephra (Sz-S, ca. 12,800 cal. BP), have been recognized in marine and laminated lake sediments and hence dated with high precision, thereby facilitating correlation of those records to global high-resolution ice, marine, and terrestrial stratotypes. Sz-S is a useful isochron for the last deglaciation in southern Kyushu. Our integrated regional chronostratigraphic model for southern Kyushu, founded by tephras (and with further potential via systematic identification of cryptotephras), will enable change in regional palaeoenvironments and culture to 11,

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Late Pleistocene and Holocene tephras in the Tokara Islands, southern Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Sakurajima-Satsuma (Sz-S) and Noike-Yumugi (N-Ym) tephras: New tephrochronological marker beds for the last deglaciation, southern Kyushu, Japan

Sakurajima-Satsuma (Sz-S) and Noike-Yumugi (N-Ym) tephras: New tephrochronological marker beds for the last deglaciation, southern Kyushu, Japan

AMS ¹⁴C Dates and Major Element Composition of Glass Shards of Late Pleistocene Tephras on Tanegashima Island, Southern Japan

The role of tephras in developing a high-precision chronostratigraphy for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and archaeology in southern Kyushu, Japan, since 30,000 cal. BP: An integration

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Late Pleistocene and Holocene tephras in the Tokara Islands, southern Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Sakurajima-Satsuma (Sz-S) and Noike-Yumugi (N-Ym) tephras: New tephrochronological marker beds for the last deglaciation, southern Kyushu, Japan

Sakurajima-Satsuma (Sz-S) and Noike-Yumugi (N-Ym) tephras: New tephrochronological marker beds for the last deglaciation, southern Kyushu, Japan

AMS 14C Dates and Major Element Composition of Glass Shards of Late Pleistocene Tephras on Tanegashima Island, Southern Japan

The role of tephras in developing a high-precision chronostratigraphy for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction and archaeology in southern Kyushu, Japan, since 30,000 cal. BP: An integration

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AMS ¹⁴C Dates and Major Element Composition of Glass Shards of Late Pleistocene Tephras on Tanegashima Island, Southern Japan