Late Palaeozoic–Cenozoic tectonic development of carbonate platform, margin and oceanic units in the Eastern Taurides, Turkey

Robertson, Alastair H.F.; Parlak, Osman; Metin, Yüksel; Vergili, O.; Taşlı, Kemal; İnan, Nurdan; Soycan, Havva

doi:10.1144/sp372.16

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The oldest units unconformably covering the ophiolite range in age from Maastrichtian to Early Paleocene (Clark and Robertson, 2002;Demirtaşlı et al, 1984), suggesting that the emplacement of the allochthonous rocks was completed in the latest Cretaceous time. The Pınarbaşı (Kayseri) and the Divriği (Sivas) ophiolites formed by spreading above a northward-dipping, intra-oceanic subduction zone within the Inner Tauride Ocean and were emplaced onto the East Tauride Platform as a result of trench-margin collision during the latest Cretaceous (Robertson et al, 2013;Parlak et al, 2006;Vergili and Parlak, 2005). Collision-related southward rethrusting in the Mid-Eocene strongly affected the Pınarbaşı (Kayseri) ophiolite and related units, whereas the Divriği (Sivas) region experienced only folding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tauride ophiolites of Anatolia (Turkey): A review

Parlak¹

2016

J. Earth Sci.

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The Tauride ophiolites lie on the northern and southern flanks of an E-W-trending Tauride carbonate platform. They mainly consist of three tectonic units namely in ascending order, ophiolitic mélange, sub-ophiolitic metamorphic sole and oceanic lithospheric remnants. They were generated above intra-oceanic subduction zones and emplaced over the Tauride carbonate platform from different Neotethyan oceanic basins in the Late Cretaceous. Tauride ophiolites from west to east are described and reviewed. All are underlain by well-preserved dynamothermal metamorphic soles of varied structural thicknesses up to 500 m that have a constant structural position between ophiolitic mélange below and harzburgitic mantle tectonites above and display typical inverted metamorphic sequences from amphibolite facies above to greenschist facies below. The metamorphic soles are shown to have evolved during the initiation of subduction and emplacement processes. In the Pozantı-Karsantı area the contact between the metamorphic sole and the overlying serpentinized harzburgites is characterized by a 1.5-2-m-thick zone of sheared serpentinized harzburgitic mantle intercalated with amphibolites and cut by thick mafic dykes (7-8 m) which postdate intraoceanic metamorphism and high-temperature ductile deformation. This contact is interpreted as an intra-oceanic decoupling surface along which volcanics from the upper levels of the down-going plate were metamorphosed to amphibolite facies and accreted to the base of the hanging wall plate. The metamorphic soles and overlying ophiolitic rocks were intruded by numerous isolated post-metamorphic diabase dykes filled by island arc tholeiitic magma. Subduction initiation and roll-back processes best explain the structural and petrological relationships of Late Cretaceous ophiolite genesis, metamorphic sole formation and subsequent dyke emplacement of the Tauride ophiolites. KEY WORDS: ophiolite, metamorphic sole, dyke emplacement, roll-back, subduction initiation. INTRODUCTIONThe Tauride orogenic belts of Turkey are interpreted as representing a continental fragment that rifted from Gondwana (North Africa) during the Triassic, followed by reamalgamation and continental collision during the OligoMiocene (Karaoğlan et al., 2016) or Miocene (Okay et al., 2010). The Taurides are traditionally divided into three contiguous parts; the western, central and eastern Taurides (Özgül, 1976).Ophiolites along the Tauride belt start with the Lycian nappes to the west and end with the Divriği ophiolite to the east (Fig. 1). These ophiolites (the Lycian nappes, Antalya, Beyşehir-Hoyran nappes, Mersin, Alihoca, Pozantı-Karsantı, Pınarbaşı and Divriği) are situated either on the northern or on the southern flank of an approximately E-W trending Tauride carbonate platform axis (Juteau, 1980 (Juteau, 1980). The plutonic sections and the metamorphic soles of the Tauride ophiolites are cut by numerous isolated microgabbro-diabase and minor pyroxenite dykes at different structural levels (Robertson et al

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tauride ophiolites of Anatolia (Turkey): A review

Parlak¹

2016

J. Earth Sci.

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“…A complete ophiolite suite southeast of the present study area, called the Divriği ophiolite (Yılmaz et al, 2001), was interpreted to have been derived from the same (i.e. Inner Tauride) oceanic basin Robertson, Parlak, Metin, et al, 2013). The mantle tectonites are dominated by Our objectives here are to (a) present major-and trace-element chemistry of the isolated diabase and pyroxenite dykes, and cumulate gabbro from the Tecer Mountain area, (b) correlate their origin with the Divriği (Sivas) ophiolite as well as the other Tauride ophiolites in the region and (c) discuss their tectonic significance for the magmatic evolution of the Inner Tauride Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The isolated dykes are not deformed, indicating that they were emplaced shortly after formation of the metamorphic soles, but they do not extend into the underlying mélanges and platform carbonates. The ophiolites along the Tauride belt were formed in supra-subduction zone (SSZ) settings and emplaced in the Late Cretaceous from different oceanic basins (Andrew & Robertson, 2002;Bağcı, Parlak, & Höck, 2006;Çelik, 2007;Çelik & Chiaradia, 2008;Çelik & Delaloye, 2003;Collins & Robertson, 1997;Collıns & Robertson, 1998;Dilek, Thy, Hacker, & Grundvig, 1999;Dilek & Whitney, 1997;Elitok, 2001;Elitok & Drüppel, 2008;Parlak, Delaloye, & Bíngöl, 1996;Parlak, Höck, & Delaloye, 2000Parlak & Robertson, 2004;Parlak, Yılmaz, & Boztuğ, 2006;Robertson, 2002;Robertson, Parlak, & Ustaomer, 2012;Robertson & Woodcock, 1981a, 1981b, 1981cRobertson, Parlak, Metin, et al, 2013;Vergili & Parlak, 2005). The metamorphic soles beneath the ophiolites along the Tauride belt yield well-constrained Late Cretaceous Liati, Gebauer, and Fanning (2004), (4) mukasa and Ludden (1987), (5) Konstantinou, Wirth, and Vervoort (2007), (6) dilek and thy (2009), (7) Parlak, Karaoğlan, Rızaoğlu, Klötzli, et al (2013), (8) Karaoğlan, Parlak, Klötzlı, thönı, and Koller (2013), (9) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The root zone of the ophiolites in the Eastern Taurides and on the top of the Niğde-Kırşehir microcontinent has been debatable. According to some workers the ophiolites were derived from the Inner Tauride Ocean between, located between Niğde-Kırşehir microcontinent and the Tauride-Anatolide continent (Dilek et al, 1999;Okay & Tüysüz, 1999;Pourteau, Candan, & Oberhänsli, 2010;Robertson, Parlak, & Ustaömer, 2009;Robertson, Parlak, Metin, et al, 2013). However number of authors have preferred to correlate all of these ophiolites with the Northern Neotethys (Göncüoğlu, Dirik, & Kozlu, 1996-1997van Hinsbergen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limestone) which is tectonically overlain by ophiolitic rocks in the region (Figure 4) with a mélange unit at the contact. This melange includes blocks of basalt and pelagic limestone set in an ophiolite-derived matrix (Robertson, Parlak, Metin, et al, 2013). In some places, towards the contact with the Tauride platform in the Yılanlıdağ area, olistoliths of limestone and radiolarite are set in sheared serpentinites ( Figure 5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical characteristics of ophiolitic rocks from the southern margin of the Sivas basin and their implications for the Inner Tauride Ocean, Central-Eastern Turkey

2017

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Number of dismembered ophiolite bodies crop out between Sivas and Malatya on the top of the Eastern Tauride platform in the central-eastern Turkey. One of which at the southern margin of the Sivas basin in the Tecer Mountain area comprises melange and the lower part of an oceanic lithospheric section on top of the Tauride platform. The mantle tectonites are characterized by variably serpentinized harzburgites and dunites, and are intruded by numerous isolated dykes. The gabbroic cumulates consist of olivine gabbro, gabbro and gabbronorite. The major and trace element geochemistry of the mafic cumulate rocks suggests that the primary magma was compositionally similar to those observed in modern island-arc tholeiitic sequences. The isolated dykes are exclusively basaltic in composition and display geochemically two distinct subgroups: Group I is represented by high TiO 2 (.87-1.47 wt.%) and other incompatible elements, whereas Group II is characterized by low TiO 2 (.36-.66 wt.%) and other incompatible elements. The Group I isolated diabase dykes have flat to slightly LREE-depleted profiles (La/Yb N = .32-.79), whereas the Group II isolated diabase dykes are more depleted in general and have a LREEdepleted character (La/Yb N = .19-.49). This suggests that the isolated dykes were derived from an island arc tholeiitic magma (Nb/Y = .02-.05) with different degrees of partial melting (Group II > Group I) and relatively high oxygen fugacity in intra-oceanic subduction zone. The ophiolitic rocks in the study area may well be compared with the Divriği ophiolite to the southeast. All the evidence suggests that the isolated dykes in the Tecer Mountain area differ from the alkaline isolated dykes cutting the Divriği ophiolite. Since the late stage dykes (~76 Ma) in the Divriği area are alkaline, the tholeiitic isolated dykes in the present study should have been emplaced prior to the alkaline dykes during Late Cretaceous SSZ-spreading (~90 Ma) within the Inner Tauride Ocean.

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Kinematics of Late Cretaceous subduction initiation in the Neo‐Tethys Ocean reconstructed from ophiolites of Turkey, Cyprus, and Syria

et al. 2017

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Formation of new subduction zones represents one of the cornerstones of plate tectonics, yet both the kinematics and geodynamics governing this process remain enigmatic. A major subduction initiation event occurred in the Late Cretaceous, within the Neo‐Tethys Ocean between Gondwana and Eurasia. Suprasubduction zone ophiolites (i.e., emerged fragments of ancient oceanic lithosphere formed at suprasubduction spreading centers) were generated during this subduction event and are today distributed in the eastern Mediterranean region along three ~E‐W trending ophiolitic belts. Several models have been proposed to explain the formation of these ophiolites and the evolution of the associated intra‐Neo‐Tethyan subduction zone. Here we present new paleospreading directions from six Upper Cretaceous ophiolites of Turkey, Cyprus, and Syria, calculated by using new and published paleomagnetic data from sheeted dyke complexes. Our results show that ~NNE‐SSW subduction zones were formed within the Neo‐Tethys during the Late Cretaceous, which we propose were part of a major step‐shaped subduction system composed of ~NNE‐SSW and ~WNW‐ESE segments. We infer that this subduction system developed within old (Triassic?) lithosphere, along fracture zones and perpendicular weakness zones, since the Neo‐Tethyan spreading ridge formed during Gondwana fragmentation would have already been subducted at the Pontides subduction zone by the Late Cretaceous. Our new results provide an alternative kinematic model of Cretaceous Neo‐Tethyan subduction initiation and call for future research on the mechanisms of subduction inception within old (and cold) lithosphere and the formation of metamorphic soles below suprasubduction zone ophiolites in the absence of nearby spreading ridges.

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Late Palaeozoic–Cenozoic tectonic development of carbonate platform, margin and oceanic units in the Eastern Taurides, Turkey

Cited by 22 publications

References 48 publications

The tauride ophiolites of Anatolia (Turkey): A review

The tauride ophiolites of Anatolia (Turkey): A review

Geochemical characteristics of ophiolitic rocks from the southern margin of the Sivas basin and their implications for the Inner Tauride Ocean, Central-Eastern Turkey

Kinematics of Late Cretaceous subduction initiation in the Neo‐Tethys Ocean reconstructed from ophiolites of Turkey, Cyprus, and Syria

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