Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic and palaeogeographical evolution of SE Asia

Metcalfe, Ian

doi:10.1144/sp315.2

Cited by 178 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The earlier geological history of the region, including the assembly of the [20 Gondwanan terranes by continental drift, are described elsewhere (Hutchison 1989;Hall 2001Hall , 2002Metcalfe et al 2001;Metcalfe 2009). The following brief account of the region's geomorphology, rivers, climates, and vegetation draws on reviews by Woodruff (2003a), Gupta (2005), andCorlett (2009a).…”

Section: The Biogeographic Theatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and conservation in Southeast Asia: how 2.7 million years of repeated environmental fluctuations affect today’s patterns and the future of the remaining refugial-phase biodiversity

2010

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Understanding the historical biogeography of this global biodiversity hotspot is as important to long-term conservation goals as ecology and evolution are to understanding current patterns and processes. Today's geography is, however, misleading and typical of only *2% of the last million years; [90% of that time the region's land area was 1.5-2.0 times larger as mean sea levels were 62 m below today's, climates were cooler, and extensive forests and savanna covered the emerged Sunda plains. The region's land area varied two-fold as sea levels fluctuated up to ±50 m with each of *50 Pleistocene glacial cycles, and forests expanded and contracted with oscillations in land area and seasonality. This dynamic geographic history is relevant to the development of biogeographic regionalism and shows that it is today's forests that are refugial, not those of the Last Glacial Maximum. This history affects how species will adapt or shift their ranges in response to global warming and further decreases in land area (submergence of low-lying coastal areas) during the 21st century. The alternative is mass species extinction. The biota is also threatened by the continued destruction of forest, destruction of Mekong River flood-pulse based ecosystems, and continued human population growth. Human biogeography will become more important in conservation planning as tens of millions of people who depend on protected area forests, riverine ecosystems, and coastal habitats become environmental refugees. Conservation scientists need to become more involved in regional ecological education, environmental stewardship, and ecosystem-based adaptation to sustain as much as possible of this rich biota and the ecological services it provides.

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Section: The Biogeographic Theatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography and conservation in Southeast Asia: how 2.7 million years of repeated environmental fluctuations affect today’s patterns and the future of the remaining refugial-phase biodiversity

2010

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“…It extends for more than 1200 km from east to west and reaches a maximum width of ∼ 500 km. Southeast of the Tibetan plateau it connects with the Sibumasu terrane (Metcalfe, 2009). The Songpan-Ganzi flysch complex lies to the north of it, with the Jinsha Suture Zone (JSS) in-between .…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some regard the Qiangtang terrane as a single terrane (Kapp et al, 2003b;Pullen et al, 2011) that, together with the Sibumasu terrane, separated from Gondwana in Paleozoic times (Metcalfe, 2009). Others divided the terrane into a north Qiangtang and a south Qiangtang terrane Liu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tectonic evolution and high-pressure rock exhumation in the Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Conflicting interpretations of the > 500 km long, east-west-trending Qiangtang metamorphic belt have led to very different and contradicting models for the PermoTriassic tectonic evolution of central Tibet. We define two metamorphic events, one that only affected pre-Ordovician basement rocks and one subduction-related Triassic highpressure metamorphism event. Detailed mapping and structural analysis allowed us to define three main units that were juxtaposed due to collision of the north and south Qiangtang terranes after closure of the Ordovician-Triassic ocean that separated them. The base is formed by the Precambrian-Carboniferous basement, followed by nonmetamorphic ophiolitic mélange containing mafic rocks that range in age from the Ordovician to Middle Triassic. The top of the sequence is formed by strongly deformed sedimentary mélange that contains up to > 10 km size rafts of both unmetamorphosed Permian sediments and highpressure blueschists. We propose that the high-pressure rocks were exhumed from underneath the south Qiangtang terrane in an extensional setting caused by the pull of the northward subducting slab of the Shuanghu-Tethys. Highpressure rocks, sedimentary mélange and margin sediments were thrust on top of the ophiolitic mélange that was scraped off the subducting plate. Both units were subsequently thrust on top of the south Qiantang terrane continental basement. Onset of Late Triassic sedimentation marked the end of the amalgamation of both Qiangtang terranes and the beginning of spreading between Qiantang and north Lhasa to the south, leading to the deposition of thick flysch deposits in the Jurassic.

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“…Sengor 1979;Metcalfe 1988Metcalfe , 1996 based mainly on comparative studies of the stratigraphy, palaeontology and palaeomagnetism. The continental core of Sundaland comprises the Indochina-East Malaya Block and the Sibumasu Block, which separated from Gondwana in the Devonian and Permian respectively and amalgamated with the South and North China blocks in the Early Carboniferous (Metcalfe 2009) and Early Triassic (Barber & Crow 2009;Metcalfe 2009) respectively. They are separated by remnants of the PermoTriassic Sukhothai arc (Sone & Metcalfe 2008).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

A record of continental collision and regional sediment flux for the Cretaceous and Palaeogene core of SE Asia: implications for early Cenozoic palaeogeography

Clements

Hall

2011

JGS

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Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic tectonic and palaeogeographical evolution of SE Asia

Abstract: SE Asia comprises a collage of

Cited by 178 publications

References 43 publications

Biogeography and conservation in Southeast Asia: how 2.7 million years of repeated environmental fluctuations affect today’s patterns and the future of the remaining refugial-phase biodiversity

Biogeography and conservation in Southeast Asia: how 2.7 million years of repeated environmental fluctuations affect today’s patterns and the future of the remaining refugial-phase biodiversity

Tectonic evolution and high-pressure rock exhumation in the Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet

A record of continental collision and regional sediment flux for the Cretaceous and Palaeogene core of SE Asia: implications for early Cenozoic palaeogeography

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