Late-maturity α-amylase expression in wheat is influenced by genotype, temperature and stage of grain development

Impact of Cultivar and Growing Conditions on Alpha‐Amylase Properties in Wheat

“…[7,12,21,44] On the other hand, the high temperature resulted in significantly lower enzyme activity in grains grown in Gladebeck, compared to those in Torland during the later ripening stages (Figures 1 and 2). Similar results were reported from previous studies showing that wheat grains had significantly loweramylase activity when exposed to temperatures ≥30°C, compared to 10-13°C, [5,12,46] either during grain development or before harvest. [10] Biddulph et al [47] reported that -amylase of cereals was gradually degraded by the exposure to temperatures higher 30°C in the field.…”

“…[3] Wheat grains had increased -amylase activity caused by preharvest sprouting as a result of untimely rainfall during the harvest period [4] or by late-maturing amylase due to daily temperature fluctuations during grain filling. [5] Such wheat quality defects DOI: 10.1002/star.202000032 have a strong impact on the alteration and/or degradation of the chemical grain components, resulting in significant financial losses in the wheat industry. [2] Therefore, it is of great importance to maintain the -amylase activity in the grains low in order to improve wheat grain quality.…”

“…[3] The variation in -amylase activity is influenced by weather conditions and genetic differences between cultivars as suggested in many studies. [6][7][8][9] Precipitation and temperature during the post-flowering period are the most important factors that influence the activity of the enzyme [5,10,11] among sites and years. [12][13][14] Under northern and central European conditions, it is likely that the probability of risingamylase activity [2] increases due to the variation in amount and duration of precipitation and temperature before and during the harvest period.…”

Evaluation of the impact of heat on wheat dormancy, late maturity α-amylase and grain size under controlled conditions in diverse germplasm

“…2 B, Table 2 ). Amongst commercial varieties, only Yitpi showed an accumulation of high-pI α-Amylase in response to heat stress with a post-treatment OD above 0.5, the cut-off for LMA susceptibility 29 . Among the tested landraces, Aus28232, Aus38592, Aus38632 and Aus38401 showed presence of LMA (OD above 0.5) in the control treatment suggesting a constitutive expression of LMA.…”

“…They associated this variability to the window of sensitivity described previously. However, a recent paper demonstrated than a prolonged and continuous cool maximum temperature regimen (23 °C/15 °C day/night) during grain development resulted in a more consistent LMA expression 29 . In 2014 and in United States Pacific West Coast, LMA was responsible for over 150 million $US loss to the growers in a single season.…”