Late Holocene uplift of a coastal terrace near the Akatore Fault, southern New Zealand

Craw, Dave; Parvizi, Elahe; Read, Stephen; Fraser, Ceridwen I.; Waters, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1080/00288306.2020.1828940

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…For example, earthquakes can directly affect organisms by altering their elevation on a shore, through indirect effects such as increased sedimentation, but also through the destruction and creation of new habitat, as occurs when boulders are deposited in the marine environment (Bodin & Klinger, 1986;Castilla et al, 2010;Schiel et al, 2019;Thomsen et al, 2020;Vaux et al, 2021). The Kaikōura earthquake provided evidence to support recent research that has implicated historic seismic events in the contemporary distribution of bull kelps in New Zealand (Craw et al, 2020;Hay, 2020;Parvizi et al, 2020;Vaux et al, 2021). It is likely that strong seismic events have been important structural forces that underly present-day coastal ecology in many parts of the world.…”

Section: The Kaikōura Earthquakes and Heatwaves In A Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 75%

Cascading impacts of earthquakes and extreme heatwaves have destroyed populations of an iconic marine foundation species

Thomsen

Mondardini

Thoral

et al. 2021

Diversity and Distributions

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Aim: Ecologists traditionally study how contemporary local processes, such as biological interactions and physical stressors, affect the distribution and abundance of organisms. By comparison, biogeographers study the distribution of the same organisms, but focus on historic, larger-scale processes that can cause mass mortalities, such as earthquakes. Here we document cascading effects of rare biogeographical (seismic) and more common ecological (temperature-related) processes on the distribution and abundances of coastal foundation species.Location: Intertidal wave-exposed rocky reefs around Kaikōura, New Zealand, dominated by large, long-lived, and iconic southern bull kelps (Durvillaea antarctica and Durvillaea willana). Methods:In November 2016, a 7.8 Mw earthquake uplifted the coastline around Kaikōura by up to 2 m, and a year later the region experienced the hottest summer on record. Extensive sampling of intertidal communities over 15 km coastline were done shortly after the earthquake and heatwaves and 4 years after the earthquake.Results: Durvillaea lost 75% of its canopy to uplift and the heatwaves reduced canopies that had survived the uplift by an additional 35%. The survey done 4 years after the earthquake showed that Durvillaea had not recovered and that the intertidal zone in many places now was dominated by small turfs and foliose seaweed. Main conclusions:Cascading impacts from seismic uplift and heatwaves have destroyed populations of Durvillaea around Kaikōura. Surviving smaller and sparser Durvillaea patches will likely compromise capacity for self-replacement and lower resilience to future stressors. These results are discussed in a global biogeographicalecological context of seismic activity and extreme heatwaves and highlight that these events, which are not particularly rare in a geological context, may have common long-lasting ecological legacies.

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Section: The Kaikōura Earthquakes and Heatwaves In A Global Contextmentioning

confidence: 75%

Cascading impacts of earthquakes and extreme heatwaves have destroyed populations of an iconic marine foundation species

Thomsen

Mondardini

Thoral

et al. 2021

Diversity and Distributions

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show abstract

“…Additional radiocarbon dating from sea caves at the palaeo-hightide level similarly provide age estimates <1000 years old, confirming direct relationships between the earthquake and coastal uplift (Craw et al, 2021;Parvizi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In the case of the Akatore fault, radiocarbon dating has constrained the most recent rupture event to 800–1000 years BP (Craw et al, 2021; Litchfield & Norris, 2000). Additional radiocarbon dating from sea caves at the palaeo‐hightide level similarly provide age estimates <1000 years old, confirming direct relationships between the earthquake and coastal uplift (Craw et al, 2021; Parvizi et al, 2020).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent ecological studies of tectonically active shores elsewhere have shown that uplift events approaching this magnitude are sufficient to extirpate habitat-forming macroalgae and their associated epibiota, thus creating empty intertidal habitats for recolonization (Hamling et al, 2017;Jaramillo et al, 2012;Schiel et al, 2019;Thomsen et al, 2020Thomsen et al, , 2021. In the case of the Akatore fault, radiocarbon dating has constrained the most recent rupture event to 800-1000 years BP (Craw et al, 2021;Litchfield & Norris, 2000).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concordant phylogeographic responses to large‐scale coastal disturbance in intertidal macroalgae and their epibiota

et al. 2021

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“…This amount of coastal uplift is reported to be sufficient to eliminate intertidal species and potentially create empty habitats for recolonization (Jaramillo et al 2012;Hamling et al2017). Radiocarbon dating at the Akatore fault line has constrained the most recent rupture event to 800-1000 yr BP (Litchfield & Norris 2000;Craw et al 2020). Additional radiocarbon dating from sea caves at the palaeo-hightide level similarly provided age estimates <1000 years old, confirming direct relationships between earthquake and coastal uplift (Craw et al 2020;Parvizi et al 2020).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 84%

Rapid reassembly of an intertidal community following prehistoric disturbance

Parvizi

Dutoit

Fraser

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The elimination of lower trophic levels following severe habitat disturbance can trigger new community assembly processes. However, little is known about how past habitat disturbances have affected codependent evolution of trophically-linked and closely interacting taxa. Using genome-wide analysis of a macroalgal community affected by ancient catastrophic coastal uplift, we track the ecological dynamics of past co-dispersal and co-diversification among obligate interacting taxa. Our study reveals rapid and concerted reassembly of an intertidal community following disturbance. Specifically, hierarchical co-demographic analyses of multispecies genomic data support synchronous expansions of four strictly intertidal species in the wake of tectonic disturbance. These data show that tight algal-epifaunal links underpin parallel demographic responses across distinct trophic levels. These results highlight that high-resolution comparative genomic data can elucidate the strength of obligate ecological interactions, and the evolutionary dynamics of past co-dispersal and co-diversification in post-disturbance communities.

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Late Holocene uplift of a coastal terrace near the Akatore Fault, southern New Zealand

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Cascading impacts of earthquakes and extreme heatwaves have destroyed populations of an iconic marine foundation species

Cascading impacts of earthquakes and extreme heatwaves have destroyed populations of an iconic marine foundation species

Concordant phylogeographic responses to large‐scale coastal disturbance in intertidal macroalgae and their epibiota

Rapid reassembly of an intertidal community following prehistoric disturbance

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